1. K. Ions

2. Ionization - the process of adding or removing electrons from an atom or group of atoms Atoms that do not have filled valence shells may undergo ionization

3. Ion – a charged atom (a neutral atom has lost or gained one or more e-) If the atom gains or loses electrons, it no longer is neutral (ie, the # p+ and # e- are not equal)

4. 12 Mg Atomic Number Mass Number Charge 24 2+2+ ELEMENT SYMBOL

5. 1H1H Means + 1 1 +

6. Ca t ion - positively charged ion (less electrons than protons) Ex:  Sodium has 11 e - and is very reactive (1 e in valence)  Removing 1 e - makes sodium less reactive  It now has a full valence shell  Sodium ion written as Na +  It is not Neon because we determine element by amount of protons (Neon has 8 e - like the Na + ion)  It is not sodium…..it is a sodium ion!

8. A n io n – negatively charged ion (more electrons than protons) Ex:  Fluorine has 9 e - and is reactive (7 e- in valence shell)  Adding one e - makes fluorine less reactive because it now has a full valence shell  Fluorine ion written as F -  It is not neon (Ne has 8 e - like the F - ion)  It is not fluorine ….it is a fluorine ion!

9. Finding the amount of electrons in an ion Reason it out!! Or……. To find the e amount in an atom, subtract the charge number from the number of p (atomic number) Ex: Li + protons: 3 neutrons: 4 electrons: 3 – (+1) = 2

10. Ex: 35 Cl – protons: 17 neutrons: 18 electrons: 17 – (-1) = 18

11. Ex: O 2 - protons: 8 neutrons: 8 electrons: 8 – (-2) = 10