1. Don’t forget to take your Vitamins!!! … and Minerals, of course! MICRONUTRIENTS

2. VITAMINS Large organic molecules required as a vital nutrient (contains C) 13 are universally recognized Body can synthesize some, but not in required amounts –Called a vitamin when it cannot be made in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet –Vitamin C is a vitamin for humans, not for other animals

3. Functions: Aid in chemical reactions in the body (components of enzymes) Help regulate metabolism Form bone and tissue Convert fats and carbohydrates to energy VITAMINS

4. A B 1 (thiamin) B 2 (riboflavin) B 3 (niacin) B 5, B 6, B 7 B 9 (folic acid) B 12 C (ascorbic acid) D E K

5. Fat- vs Water- Soluble Vitamins Fat-Soluble: A, D, E, K Stored in fat tissue Excess can accumulate and be toxic Water-Soluble: Others (e.g. Vitamin C) Cannot be stored Excess is excreted in urine

7. How much do you know about Vitamins? The vitamin found in sunlight, fish, dairy products and fortified breakfast cereal, that assists in absorption of calcium by bones and teeth is: 1)Vitamin A 2)Folic Acid 3)Vitamin C 4)Vitamin D

8. The vitamin found in liver, cheese, milk, butter, egg yolk, and green and yellow fruits and vegetables, that maintains healthy skin and eyes is: 1)Vitamin K 2)Vitamin A 3)Niacin 4)Vitamin B 12 How much do you know about Vitamins?

9. A deficiency in this vitamin can lead to increased blood clotting time in adults: 1)Vitamin B 1 2)Folic acid 3)Vitamin E 4)Vitamin K

10. How much do you know about Vitamins? The vitamin obtained from vegetable oil, nuts, spinach, broccoli, and breads, that functions to protect cell membranes is: 1)Vitamin E 2)Vitamin A 3)Vitamin B 2 4)Vitamin B 6

11. MINERALS Required in small amounts, but not made by body 22 inorganic substances (C - free)

12. MINERALS Functions (specific and important functions) Needed in body structures Attached to some vitamins/hormones Involved in transmission of nerve impulses /muscle contraction ∙ Help maintain the H 2 O and acid-base balance in body

13. MINERALS Major Dietary Minerals Ca Cl Mg P K Na Se Zn Fe

14. How much do you know about Minerals? The mineral found in milk, cheese, green leafy vegetables, whole-grain cereals, beans and hard water that assists in bone and tooth development and maintenance is: 1.Fluoride 2.Iron 3.Calcium 4.Zinc

15. How much do you know about Minerals? The mineral involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood, DNA synthesis, energy conversion and growth is: 1.Iodine 2.Magnesium 3.Calcium 4.Iron

16. How much do you know about Minerals? The mineral found in fluoridated water that assists in maintaining bone and tooth structure is: 1.Phosphorus 2.Magnesium 3.Fluoride 4.Zinc

17. How much do you know about Minerals? The mineral found in seafood, kelp and some salt that is required for the production of thyroid hormone and regulation of metabolism is: 1.Iodine 2.Zinc 3.Magnesium 4.Phosphorus

18. YOU BE THE DOCTOR… On the next slide, you will see various medical cases. Using the charts provided on vitamins and minerals, write down which micronutrient(s) the person is lacking and what foods they should eat.

19. YOU BE THE DOCTOR… 1.A parent brings a child to see you. The child is extremely active, and often falls and gets cut. The bleeding seems to take a long time to stop. 2.A high school student complains of feeling achy, unable to sleep and unable to concentrate at school. 3.A man complains that he suffers, mostly during the winter, from colds and bleeding from the gums. 4.A parent brings a toddler in. The child doesn’t seem to be growing well and the bones of his legs are becoming bowed. 5.A truck driver is worried because a recent problem with night blindness is interfering with his ability to do his job efficiently. 6.A teenager comes in with severe acne. Cutting out high-fat foods doesn’t seem to help.

20. YOU BE THE DOCTOR… 1.A parent brings a child to see you. The child is extremely active and often falls and gets cut. The bleeding seems to take a long time to stop. Deficiency: vitamin K, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorous Foods: leafy vegetables, milk, all fruits and vegetables, cheese, whole eggs, dairy products 2. A high school student complains of feeling achy, unable to sleep and unable to concentrate at school. Deficiency: B 3 (niacin), iron Foods: meats, whole grains, nuts, green leafy vegetables 3. A man complains that he suffers, mostly during the winter, from colds and bleeding from the gums. Deficiency: Vitamin C Foods: fruits, vegetables (juices as well)

21. 4. A parent brings a toddler in. The child doesn’t’ seem to be growing well and the bones of his legs are becoming bowed. Deficiency: Vitamin D, Vitamin B 1, calcium, fluoride, magnesium Foods: sunlight, fortified cereals, breads, meat, cheese, fluoridated water, seafood, green leafy vegetables 5. A truck driver is worried because a recent problem with night blindness is interfering with his ability to do his job efficiently. Deficiency: Vitamin A Foods: green leafy vegetables, liver, dairy 6. A teenager comes in with severe acne. Cutting out high-fat foods doesn’t seem to help. Deficiency: Vitamin A, Vitamin B2 Foods: liver, dairy, fortified cereals YOU BE THE DOCTOR…

22. Nutrients Review 1.Read through the handout on Vitamins and Minerals. 2.Answer the Check Your Understanding questions on the back of your handout. 3.Look up any deficiencies that you are unfamiliar with and write down your findings on a separate piece of paper.