1. PRESSURE & BUOYANCY Ch 11

2. I. PRESSURE A.The force exerted on a surface divided by the area over which the force is exerted. B.Pressure = Force = Newton’s Area m2 C. Pascal- measurement of pressure.

3. D. Regular shoes vs snowshoes on snow, different area of force upon the snow.

4. II. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE A. A.P. decreases as Elevation increases. B. Air Pressure- each cubic meter = 1 kilogram (mass) C. Balanced Pressure- equal pressure all over.

6. III. WATER PRESSURE A. Water Pressure increases as Depth increases. B. Fluid Pressure- each particle exerts force. Fluid easily flows.

7. IV. DENSITY A. The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume Density = Mass = grams (g) Volume cm3 or ml

8. DENSITY (continued) B. The density of water is 1g/ml C. An object will float if its density is less than 1. D. An object will sink if its density is greater than 1.

9. V. BUOYANCY 1. The upward force exerted by fluids. It acts opposite to the force of gravity.

10. BUOYANCY

12. BUOYANCY (cont.) 2. Archimedes' principle- the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the volume of water displaced by the object.

13. VI. PRESSURE LAWS A. Pascal's principle- when force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

14. PRESSURE LAWS (cont) B. Hydraulic system- a system that multiplies force by applying the force to a small surface area and then the pressure is increased in another part of the system.

15. PRESSURE LAWS (cont) C. Bernoulli's Principle- the faster a fluid moves, the less pressure the fluid exerts. D. Lift- Upward force.