1. CHAPTER 9 LESSON 1 NOTES: ROYAL POWER IN ENGLAND & FRANCE

2. England William the Conqueror of Normandy becomes king in 1066 with his victory at the Battle of Hastings (combining French- Norman culture with Anglo-Saxon traditions)

3. Begins the Domesday Book to support an efficient tax base, increasing royal power, and establishing England as the most unified, centralized kingdom in Europe [“Day of Reckoning”]

4. King Henry II introduces common law: becomes the foundation of royal courts: 1. begins jury trials

5. 2. conflicts with the Catholic Church’s Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket over the issue of whether clergy should be tried In royal courts or Church court.

6. 3. Becket is assassinated by King Henry’s knights.

7. Becket is sainted or canonized as a martyr (one who dies for a cause or his beliefs); pilgrims make holy trips to Canterbury, England to honor the memory of Becket at his place of death and burial.

8. King John I is forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215, guaranteeing due process of law and no taxation without representation

9. In 1295 King Edward I summons the Great Council or Parliament, a representative legislature that included two groups of legislators: one group consisted of nobles & clergy that was called the House of Lords and the second group consisting of knights & the middle class called

10. burgesses (from the German word “burg” meaning “town”) that was called the House of Commons to carry out the provisions of the Magna Carta. Over time, Parliament (like a congress) will limit the power of the English monarchy, but it will also help to unify England.

11. France Hugh Capet, count of Paris, is chosen king by feudal nobles in 987 following the last Carolingian ruler and establishes the Capetian Dynasty that rules for 300 years

12. King Philip Augustus pays middle class officials to oversea government bureaucracy; acquires English-held lands in Normandy and Anjou; becomes most powerful ruler in Europe

13. King Louis IX, most admired French monarch; persecutes heretics and Jews; leads two armies against Muslims; expands royal courts, outlaws private wars in his French kingdom; ends serfdom; encourages nationalism (love of homeland) among his subjects; is canonized in 1300 by the Catholic Church

14. King Philip IV, the Fair, attempts to tax the Church; attempts to kidnap Pope Boniface VIII;

15. after death of Boniface, king convinces the newly elected French pope to move the papacy from Rome, Italy to Avignon, France (this event begins in 1309 and lasts 70 years), becomes known as the Babylonian Captivity). Attempting to end this “captivity” by 1378, Church reformers elected their own pope to rule Rome. French cardinals responded, however, by electing a French pope. This Great Schism (division) lasted until 1417 when a Church council ended the crisis by choosing one Italian pope as the true leader of Christendom.

16. To rally support for his rule, Philip IV set up the Estates General, a representative legislature consisting of clergy, nobles, and the French middle class called the bourgeoisie (from the German word “burg”); the Estates General never became as powerful as England’s [legislative body] Parliament [including its middle class called the burgesses]