2. Erikson – Psychosocial Development Theory Contribution to understanding human development Human life divided into 8 chronological stages Each stage = conflict between personal wants and family/society expectations Self emerges as we resolve each stage If 8 stages successfully resolved = complete self with a sense of pleasure If 8 stages unsuccessfully resolved = haunted by conflicts and has a sense of lost opportunity

3. Erikson – Psychosocial Development Theory Each individual is faced with with a choice between 2 ways of coping maladaptive (-) adaptive (+) You must cope with each identity crisis or psychosocial crisis at each stage.

4. Trust Versus Mistrust Paralled Freud's Oral Stage Helplessness If mother is responsive to baby’s needs and affectionate = he/she will view world with trust Relationship must be consistent and caring

5. Autonomy Versus Doubt, Shame Freud’s anal stage age 2-3 Development of physical and mental abilities Do things for themselves – take pride 1 st time he/she exercises choice Parents balance between encouragement and protectiveness

6. Initiative Versus Guilt Phallic stage (age 3-5) Child’s mental and motor abilities increase therefore sets the stage for questions Fantasies increase (Oedipus relationship) Preschooler question = why?

7. Industry Versus Inferiority Child begins school Parental, peer and school pressures Learns to win recognition by being proficient in school If praised and encourage children will enjoy school

8. Identity versus Role Confusion Age 12-18 Crucial stage where one’s basic identity must be resolved Adolescents attempt to establish their own identity and separate themselves from their parents Peer relationships is key WHO IS BART?

9. Intimacy Versus Isolation 20 – 40 years Young adults are still eager to blend their identity with their friends Intimacy = close relationships Isolation = moving away from unhealthy relationships or experiencing rejection A balance between intimacy and isolation makes love possible More complex relationships both on friendship level and sexual level

10. Generativity vs. Stagnation 40-60 years old Generativity is the concern of establishing and guiding the next generation. Socially-valued work and disciplines are expressions of generativity. Simply having or wanting children does not in and of itself achieve generativity. Experience of midlife crisis and menopause

11. Ego Integrity Versus Despair 60 years on Final Stage This stage reflects on victories and failures Positive Outcome = Reflect on good times with gladness, on hard times with self-respect, and on mistakes/regrets with forgiveness = will find a new sense of integrity and a readiness for whatever life or death may bring. “What kind of life did I live?” Negative Outcome = fear of death