1. Chapter 2 Traditional American Values and Beliefs

2. The Context of Traditional American Values: Racial, Ethnic, Religious, and Cultural Diversity
In the 21st century, the United States probably has a greater diversity of racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious groups than any other nation on earth.
From the beginning of the history of U.S.:
Native Americans, Spanish settlers, French missionaries and fur traders, black slaves, Dutch settlers, Germans, British colonists

3. How could a nation of such enormous diveristy produce a recognizable national identity?
“the land of opportunity”
Three represent traditional reasons why immigrants have been drawn to America:
1. The chance for individual freedom;
2. Equality of opportunity;
3. Material wealth.

4. In order to achieve these benefits, there were three prices to be paid:
1. Self-reliance;
2. Competition;
3. Hard work.
Individual Freedom and Self-Reliance
In 1776, the British colonial settlers declared their independence from England and established a new nation, the United States.

5. In 1789, they wrote the Constitution for their new nation.
1. No government-supported church;
2. No ruling class of noblemen.
Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values.
By freedom, American mean the desire and the right of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.

6. However, there is a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance.
Individuals must learn to rely on themselves or risk losing freedom.
Traditionally, this means achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age eighteen or twenty-one.
Most Americans believe that they must be self-reliant in order to keep their freedom.

7. Equality of Opportunity and Competition
Everyone has a chance to succeed.
Equality of opportunity mean that each individual should have an equal chance for success.
The American concept of “fair play” is an important aspect of the belief in equality of opportunity.
The price to be paid for this equality of opportunity is competition.

8. Material Wealth and Hard Work
The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the “American Dream”.
Placing a high value on material possession is called materialism, but this is word that most Americans find offensive.
Material wealth has traditionally been a widely accepted measure of social status in the United States.

9. Americans have paid a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work.
In 1700s, James Madison, the father of the American Constitution, stated that the difference in material possessions reflected a difference in personal abilities.

10. The American Dream
In understanding the relationship between what Americans believe and how they live, it is important to distinguish between idealism and reality.