1. Rule-based Context-aware Adaptation Using a Goal-Oriented Ontology Hongyuan Wang (Jilin University, China) Rutvij Mehta (The University of Texas at Dallas,USA) Sam Supakkul (The University of Texas at Dallas,USA) Lawrence Chung (The University of Texas at Dallas,USA) 13th ACM International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing International Workshop on Situation, Activity and Goal Awareness September 18th 2011

2. 2 Outline  Introduction Problem and Solution  An Example Scenario  Our Goal-oriented Rational Approach Solution steps A SIG representation  Context-Software Relationship in a Context-aware adaptive environment  A Context-aware Goal-oriented Adaptation Ontology  Implementation  Conclusion and Future Work

3. Introduction 3  Context-aware adaptive application software system should be able to adjust its behavior according to the changing needs in the environment

4. 4 Problem and Solution  Many possible alternatives for an adaptation action by and large have not been considered systematically and rationally.  We propose a goal-oriented approach in which various nonfunctional requirements (or quality attributes) such as safety, cost, and promptness are treated as softgoals to be satisfied and used in exploring, analyzing and selecting among possible adaptation alternatives, in consideration of the particular contextual event.

5. 5 An Example Scenario

6. 6 How to deal with a safety critical situation  Should only 911 be called?  Should only the emergency contact be called?  Only an alarm should be raised?  Should both 911 and emergency contact be called?  Should an alarm be raised and location of the elderly sent to the emergency contact?  ….. (various other possibilities exist)

7. 7 Our approach  Post the non-functional requirements (or quality attributes) such as safety, cost, promptness, etc., relevant to the contextual event as softgoals.  Outline the alternative actions for each soft goal.  Analyze these alternatives, with respect to their tradeoffs, i.e., positive or negative impacts on the NFR softgoals.  Prioritize the quality softgoals throughout the process of disambiguation, operationalization and conflict resolution.  Select the best possible alternative(s).

8. 8 A SIG showing some alternatives for adaptation action

9. 9 A SIG showing different alternative chosen

10. 10 Context-Software Relationship in a Context-aware adaptive environment

11. 11 Context-Software Relationship in a Context-aware adaptive environment

12. 12 System State Transition Diagram

13. 13 Rules  The form of Rules (Software system) Adaptation rules: Contextual condition -> Software system action Rules for Context state change: Condition & Action->Context’ Rules for Software system state change : Condition & Action ->Software system state’

14. 14 Rule-based Context-aware Adaptation  Adaptation: Behavior (Software) X Change (Context) X Rules -> Behavior’ (Software)  The change of software behavior can become part of the new context.  The rule for System state transition has two parts: Rule_system_1: Context’->Adaptation Action Rule_system_2: Adaptation action ->Context’’  The example scenario: Rule_system_1: (User fallen down) -> (Switch to emergency, get user location and dial emergency contact) Rule_system_2: (Switch to emergency, get location and dial emergency contact) -> (User fallen down) & (Sent location and emergency situation information to contact)

15. 15 A Context-aware Goal-oriented Adaptation ONTOLOGY

16. 16 Hope software system  Hope software system HOPE (Helping Our People Easily) is a mobile-based solution, currently running on the Android platform (v2.1 or higher), aimed at alleviating the communication and day-to-day difficulties faced by people due to symptoms such as loss of speech, loss of hearing, weak vision, loss of memory and others, chiefly among the senior population. http://www.utdallas.edu/~rym071000/index.html

17. 17 Hope system Screenshot

18. 18 Safety Critical (Emergency) Scenario Implementation

19. 19 A Safety Scenario SIG

20. 20 Analysis of Alternative Actions Quality Attributes / Alternatives Cost!Safety!!PrivacyQuietness Call 911--+++-+ Call Contact++++ Raise Alarm+++-+-- Call Contact and Send Location +++-+

21. 21 Alternative Actions and Their Tradeoffs in HOPE

22. 22 Conclusion and Future Work  Proposed a goal-oriented approach of context-aware adaptive application Relationship between software and context in system A system state transition diagram and rules A context-aware goal-oriented adaptation ontology a goal-oriented systematic decision process of context- aware adaptive application  Implementation support HOPE software

23. 23 Future Work  To add configuration settings for the user to be able to add/alter rules  To add conditions for safeguarding against undesirable side-effects from user-defined rule changes  To find our context ontology and the transition diagram strengths and limitations.  To detect and deal with rule conflict

24. Thank you! 24