1. How would you represent the entire surface of this ball on a flat piece of paper? What would happen to accuracy of your representation? = ?

2. III. Map Fundamentals A. Geoid B.Map Projections 2:13 (Causes distortion)

3. Look at this map. Give five examples of evidence found in the map. Why do you think I am showing you this map?

4. 1. Mercator Projection – distorted at high latitudes (the poles look much bigger than they are) 2. Fuller Projection – accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearranges the cardinal directions

5. 4. Robinson projection – does not show accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it tries to minimize distortion in each. (Best general map projection) 3. Azimuthal projections – show view from poles

6. C. Map Scale D. Resolution

7. E.Types of maps include 1.Reference maps 2. Thematic Maps

8. 3. Isoline maps (show lines that represent quantities often found in topographic maps)

9. 4. Proportional symbol map 5. Dot maps

10. 6. Choropleth maps a) Color patterns extremely important in presenting information this way

11. 7. Cartograms 8. Visualizations

12. A. Connectivity is often mentioned as topological space VI. Space and Spatial Processes 1. Time-Space convergence – w/ better transportation and communication technology, can shrink the time to travel or communicate between places (relative location)

13. B. Complementarity C. Intervening opportunities Transportation costs decrease with proximity 1. Can shop farther away due to telecommunication technologies like the telephone, Internet, and fax machines 2. Rapid transportation has made the time to travel smaller

14. D. Transferability -Based on weight, availability, and perishability E. Accessibility the harder to reach the more expensive to ship goods to and from

15. F. Toblers's First Law of Geography - Everything is interrelated, but near things are more related that distant things 1. Friction of Distance a.new transportation technologies can bring places together – sometimes better than areas closer 2. Distance Decay

16. 3. Gravity model - 1850 - based on Newton's law of universal gravity - Describes the level of interaction between two places based on the size of population and the distance I ijthe interaction between places i and j PiPithe population of place i PjPjthe population of place j D ij 2 the distance between places i and j, squared

17. a. Law of retail gravitation – people go to big cities because they offer more shopping opportunities b. Breaking Point- outside of this begins another city’s influence

18. Buying a Truck Intervening opportunities Law of retail gravitation Breaking Point Based on location, and using the terms below, where would you buy your truck? Friction of Distance Distance Decay