1. Repair, and Recombination

5. E. Coli SOS system Emergency response that allow the insertion of non specific base! In bacteria its DinB, UmuC and UmuD that encode for pol IV and V, the error prone polymerase that incorporate an arbitrary base across to the damaged base.

6. Pol eta/iota

11. Direct reversal By photolyase

12. Base excision repair Start with glycosylase that break the sugar- base bond* and release the altred base and generating apurinic or apyrimidinic sites. * For example guanine +EMS -> 0-6-ethylgunine (can mispaired with Thymine)

16. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) in bacteria

17. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) in yeast

20. XPD and XPB – helicase XPG and XPF - endonuclase

21. Cockayne syndrome Mutation in CSA or CSB causes to retinal degeneration, hearing impairment, ataxia and photosensitivity Die very young

22. Tricothiodystrophy (TTD) Mutations in XPD

23. WT TTD Human shows photosensetivity, brittle hair, skin defects and short life span. XPD -/- mice show also wasting, scoliosis, osteophoresis and melanocyte loss. WTTTD 3m 15m

24. Mismatch repair in bacteria

25. Mismatch repair (NER) in human

35. Spo11

39. AAAAaaaaAAAAaaaa AAAAAAaaAAAAAAaa AAaaaaaaAAaaaaaa AAAAAaaaAAAAAaaa AAAaaaaaAAAaaaaa Aberrant ratio 4:4 6:2 2:6 5:3 3:5 Gene conversion