1. Evolution Test Review Finzer 2012

2. List and explain the evidence that supports the theory of evolution. Adaptations Natural selection Mimicry Camouflage ① process where individuals better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully ② inherited characteristics that increase an organisms chance of survival ③ an adaptation that allows one organism to appear like another ④ an adaptation that enables an organism to blend in with its surroundings

3. Mimicry and Camouflage

4. List and explain the evidence that supports the theory of evolution. Homologous structures Analogous structure Vestigial structures ① structures that have different forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic materials Ex: forelimbs of a human, dog, and seal ② structures that are similar in function but not in structure Ex: wings of a bird or insects ③ structures that serve no useful function in an organism but once did

5. Homologous Structures

6. Analogous Structures

7. Vestigial Structures

8. Identify the four components of Darwin’s natural selection that can lead to evolution. ①living things produce far more offspring than can possibly survive to adulthood ②each offspring has some variation that makes it an imperfect replica of the parent(s) ③some variations will have greater survival advantage than others ④those individuals with the better variations will generally tend to survive and produce more successful offspring. The sorting of "good" from "not good" individuals by their environment is what Darwin termed "natural selection."

9. Explain how phenotypic variation serves as the raw material for evolution. Can you apply Darwin’s 4 components to a re-life example like the Finches on the Galapagos Islands?

10. Distinguish between the 2 methods of dating fossils. Relative Age versus Absolute Age 1. Compares two 2. Uses terms older or younger Superposition in rock layers 1. Gives actual number OR information that allows you to find the number. 2. Numbers DO NOT have to be exact. Also known as radiometric dating because of the decay of radioactive elements in rocks

11. Explain how natural selection leads to biodiversity and speciation. Stabilizing selection – the middle or average phenotypes or traits are favored for survival in a particular environment

12. Explain how natural selection leads to biodiversity and speciation. Directional selection – one of the extreme phenotypes or traits are favored for survival in a particular environment. Could be the largest of the smallest critters, or the darkest or lightest critters

13. Explain how natural selection leads to biodiversity and speciation. Disruptive selection – both extreme phenotypes or traits are favored for survival in a particular environment. Small and big spiders survive instead of medium size spiders

14. Compare and contrast the 2 types of evolution – convergent and divergent. Convergent: Organisms not closely related Share the same habitat Share environmental selection pressures Developed similar traits (adaptations) for their similar environment Examples: Dolphins/Sharks Birds/Flying Insects

15. Compare and contrast the 2 types of evolution – convergent and divergent. Divergent: Organisms closely related Live in different habitats Do not share the same environmental pressures Develop different traits (adaptations) for their differing environments Examples: Darwin’s finches Grizzly bear and Polar bear All species of cats

16. Compare and contrast the 2 types of evolution – convergent and divergent. Convergent evolution means different structure, similar function – analogous structures Divergent evolution means same structure, different function – homologous structures

17. Compare and contrast the 2 types of evolution – convergent and divergent. Similarities: Both are types of evolution Both show changes in species over time