1. 6.5 Neurons and Synapses U1: Neurons transmit electrical signals

2. Neurons provide internal communication by transmitting nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are electrical signals. Neurons have specific structures; The cell body The axon The dendrites Myelin sheaths Related Schwann cells (Glial cells)

4. U2: Myelination of nerve fibers allow for saltatory conduction. Saltatory conduction (from the Latin saltare, to hop or leap) is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node, increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials. * thank you wikipedia

8. U3. Neurons pump sodium and potassium ions across their membranes to generate a resting potential.

10. 6.5U4 An action potential consists of depolarization and repolarization of the neuron 6.5U5 Nerve impulses are action potentials propagated along the axons of neurons. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EyhsOe wnH4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EyhsOe wnH4

11. 6.5U6 Propagation of nerve impulses is the result of local currents that cause each successive part of the axon to reach the threshold potential 6.5S1: Analysis of oscilloscope traces showing resting potentials and action potentials.

12. An Oscilloscope measures a time varying voltage. It measures voltage over time and produces an oscillograph that can be read. Oscillation is a repetitive variation over time. A vibration is a mechanical oscillation

13. http://tle.westone.wa.gov.au/content/file/969144ed-0d3b-fa04-2e88-8b23de2a630c/1/human_bio_science_3b.zip/content/002_nervous_control/page_11.htm

14. Local currents….

15. Look at Data question on page 324. Q1-5 OK (Q6?)

16. 6.5U7: Synapses are junctions between neurons and between neurons and receptor or effector cells. The cells and organs that receive internal and external stimuli are called receptors. Effectors are those cells and organs that carry out the instructions of the nervous system. They are the glands and muscles of the body.

17. 6.5U8: When presynaptic neurons are depolarized they release a neurotransmitter into the synapse

22. 6.5U9 A nerve impulse is only initiated if the threshold potential is reached.

23. . (picture on page 328 is nice)

26. Data question on page 325 – 326 (awesome)

27. 6.5A1 Secretion and reabsorption of acetylcholine by neurons at synapses. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4Srx4m UmaI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4Srx4m UmaI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wM5_a Un2qs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wM5_a Un2qs

28. 6.5A2 Blocking of synaptic transmission at cholinergic synapses in insects by binding of neonicotinoid pesticides to acetylcholine receptors. (imagine the impact) Read page 326-327. http://www.ontario.ca/page/neonicotinoid-regulations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWLPORypiB8