1. Identifying Macromolecules

2. Functional Groups Amino NH 2 Hydrocarbon C-C-C-C Carboxyl or carboxylic acid COOH Hydroxyl OH

3. Determining Polarity Be polar around N and O If N and O are all over the entire molecule is polar NONPOLAR hydrocarbon regions

4. Looking for Trends

5. Carbohydrates

6. Sugars 1:2:1 of C:H:O Appear in rings Monosaccharide- 1 ring Disaccharide- 2 rings Polysaccharide- more than 2 rings

8. Proteins

9. Amino Acids and Proteins Amino acids contain amino functional group (NH 2 ) Amino acid if NH 2 and –COOH are bonded to the same C Dipeptide if –NH 2 and –COOH are NOT bonded to the same C

11. Lipids Fats

12. Fat Identification Glycerol: 3 carbons each with an OH Fatty Acid: -COOH bonded to hydrocarbon chain – Saturated- no double bonded C – Unsaturated- double bonded C – Polyunsaturated- if more than one double bond Triglyceride- if glycerol is bonded to three F.A. chains

14. Nucleic Acids

15. DNA and RNA Nucleotide consists of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base

16. Dehydration Synthesis Taking away a water to make a new bond

17. Carbohydrates

18. Lipids

19. Proteins

20. Hydrolysis Inserting a water molecule to break apart two monomers