1. WORLD HISTORY HEMET HIGH SCHOOL MR. WILLIAMS CSS – 10.2 CSS – 10.7 The Russian Revolution Unit Five (Ch. 7-5 & 11-5)

6. Ch. 7-5: Russia – Reform and Reaction What You Know  You have learned:  That the French Revolution had an immense impact on many other countries in Europe causing many of them eventually to have democratic revolutions. What You Will Know  Now you will study:  How Russia made many efforts at reform, but most would lead to tsarist repression and eventually a communist revolution.

7. Build Background Knowledge Based upon what you already know about the French Revolution, what do you think will happen in Russia given the following information.  Russia was run by the Tsar  Russia had a small yet powerful noble class  Russia had a very small middle-class  Russia had a very large lower class (serfs)

10. Russia – Reform and Reaction

11. Russia’s Social Structure Ruling With Absolute Power Tsars  Needed change to compete  Afraid of change Land owning nobles  Did not want change Middle-class  Had no voice Serfs  Very poor  Afraid of change Tsars  Ruled like emperors  Wanted change  Afraid the nobles would kill them The Enlightenment and French Revolution  Had little impact on Russian rule or life Conditions in Russia

13. Russia – Reform and Reaction

14. Emancipation Revolutionary Currents, Crackdown, and Pogroms People demanded change  Freed the serfs  Could not afford to buy land  Or, their plot of land too small to feed a family  Many moved to cities for factory jobs  Zemstvos  More local control of government  Legal reforms - fairness Peasants want land Liberals want a constitution and congress Radicals want socialism Tsar Alexander II killed Alexander III  Severe repression & persecution  Secret Police Pogroms & Refugee  Organized violence against Jews Emancipation and Stirrings of Revolution

16. Russia – Reform and Reaction

17. Economic Development Problems Factories Railroads  Trans-Siberian Railway  Russia to the Pacific Mines INDUSTRIALIZATION Government and business men  Loved the changed Land owning nobles did not like Peasants fled to cities  Found hard work  Life did not improve The Drive to Industrialize

19. Russia – Reform and Reaction

20. Bloody Sunday Revolution of 1905 Russo – Japanese War  Russia loses  Russians release pent up frustrations  Protests, strikes, calls for democracy Bloody Sunday  Soldiers shoot and kill or wound hundreds  No faith in the Tsar anymore People continued to protest and make demands Tsar promised, “freedom of person, conscience, speech, assembly, and union.” Summoned the Duma (congress)  Dissolved when they complained  Peter Stolypin made prime minister  More oppression followed  Stolypin assassinated  By 1914 Russia was still autocratic, but on the edge of blowing up Turning Point: Crisis and Revolution

23. Break Point

25. Ch. 11-5: Revolution and Civil War in Russia What You Know  You have learned:  How Russia made many efforts at reform, but most would lead to an unwillingness to compromise and tsarist repression and eventually a communist revolution. What You Will Know  Now you will study:  How the memory of Bloody Sunday, the Revolution of 1905, and the misery of World War I would lead to the Revolution of 1917 (Bolshevik Revolution), a civil war, and the rise of the world’s first communist state.

26. Build Background Knowledge What caused the French Revolution? What do you already know about events that caused many Russians to be angry at their government? What effect did WWI have on the Russian military and the Russian People?

29. Revolution and Civil War in Russia

31. Unrest Deepens Impact of WWI Tsar Nicholas  Ineffective leader  Used repression and secret police to hold onto power Revolution?  Peasants overthrown government  Marxists  Revolution by the proletariat (workers – non agriculture) The war began badly for Russia Tsar goes to front to direct war himself  Bad idea Tsarina Alexandra left in charge  Takes advice from Rasputin (really stupid)  Dresses like prostitute by mistake The March Revolution Ends Tsarism

32. The Tsar Steps Down The Duma Steps Forward The war got worse for Russia No respect for the Tsar or Tsarina Army would not fire on protestors  They joined them Tsar abdicates (quits) Duma creates temp government  Liberals prepare for democracy  Marxists plan for revolution  Create soviets in small cities outside of Moscow  Radical Bolsheviks take charge of soviets  Nobles are angry and afraid The March Revolution Ends Tsarism

33. Revolution and Civil War in Russia

34. A Brilliant Revolutionary Lenin’s View of Marx Vladimir Lenin  Devout Marxist  Wanted to create a communist state  Sent to prison in Siberia  Released and moved to Switzerland Karl Marx  Industrial working class would overthrow capitalism  Take and share control of power and wealth Lenin  Russia had a small urban working class  Elite group would lead and take control of the revolution  Bolsheviks v. Mensheviks Violent v. slow revolution During WWI Germany helps sneak Lenin back into Russia to support revolution  Works perfectly Lenin and the Bolsheviks

35. Revolution and Civil War in Russia

36. The Provisional Government's Mistakes The Bolsheviks Takeover Alexander Kerensky  Continued War  Troops deserted  Failed to address land reform  Peasants seized land November 1917  Red Guards  Marxist factory workers  Russian Sailors  Attack provisional government  Bolsheviks seize power across Russia  Take land and give to peasants  Change name to communists The November Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power

37. Revolution and Civil War in Russia

38. Opposing Forces War Under Communism Three year civil war takes place  Reds (communists) v. Whites (counterrevolutionaries)  Tsarists, Mensheviks, democrats, etc…  Very brutal – Tsar and his family killed Communists v. everyone  Used “terror” to control whites and their own people  Created secret police Cheka  Labor Camps  Put commissars into military – Political officers  War effectively over-1921 Russia Plunges into Civil War

39. Revolution and Civil War in Russia

40. New Government, Same Problems Lenin’s New Economic Policy USSR – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union)  Created constitution  Legislature – Supreme Soviet  Resources (means of production) would be owned by the workers  18 and over could vote  BUT – ONLY ONE POLITICAL PARTY  WE THE COMMUNISTS, NOT WE THE PEOPLE NEP (New Economic Policy)  Government controlled important parts of economy  Small amount of capitalism  Profit means motivation Building the Communist Soviet Union

41. Stalin Takes Control Stalin’s “Insanity” Lenin DID NOT like Stalin nor trust him Died in 1924 at 54 Power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky  Stalin wins  1940 Trotsky killed in Mexico Very paranoid man Killed those he distrusted  I’ll kill you before you can kill me  BUT – was the person really going to kill him?  Generally people believe other people are capable of doing what they themselves believe they are capable of. Building the Communist Soviet Union