1. Artificial Knee Replacement Ramana Gabby Chris 12 December 2012 Biotech Engineering

2. Osteoarthritis ▪ also known as degenerative arthritis ▪ degenerative joint disease or osteoarthrosis ▪ is a form of arthritis caused by inflammation, breakdown, and the eventual loss of cartilage in the joints Causes: - Over weight - old age - joint injury - Stress on joints

3. Symptoms of Osteoarthritis ▪ Movement causes pain ▪ Stiffness ▪ Grating Sensation ▪ Bone Spurs

4. Causes ▪ Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury ▪ Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury ▪ Medical Collateral Ligament Injury ▪ Bursitis

5. Disorder ▪ Degenerative Arthritis ▪ Osteoarthrosis ▪ PostTraumatic-Arthritis (develops after an injury) ▪ Iliotibial Band Syndrome ▪ Medical plica syndrome.

6. Treatments Available ▪ Physical therapy ▪ Orthotics and Bracing ▪ Corticosteroids - injections ▪ Hyaluronic acid – injections ▪ Arthoscoic Surgery ▪ Partial Knee replacement surgery. ▪ Total knee replacement

7. Current Model Available The only famous model is the standard hinge joint type. 1 Top part of Artificial Joint 2 Bottom Part of Artificial Joint 3 Tibia 4 Femur

8. Our Model ▪ Redesigned to last for more than 10 years. ▪ Redesigned to hold larger quantity of cement between the joints. ▪ Simple and innovative design. ▪ Very cheap!

9. Estimated Costs CountryPrice (USD) United States$45,000-$60,000 Singapore$18,000-$22,500 Thailand$12,000-$14,200 Taiwan$9,000 – $10,100 India$7,000 – $11,200 Knee Replacement Cost Price Estimates Including room fee, nurse fee, food, pre-op tests, medical supplies, medication, operating room fee, x-rays, and consulation.