1. CRCT Practice December 1, 2014

2. Google Earth and fossils

3. Vocabulary, December 1, 2014 30. Relative dating- dating a fossil based on the layer of Earth it is found in 31. Carbon dating-dating a fossil by examining the amount of carbon in it (most accurate way to measure age of fossils) 32. adaptation- a SLOW change of the genotype of an organism usually in response to environmental changes; the genotype change drives changes in the organism’s phenotype

4. 33. variation – the slight difference of an adaptive characteristic between organisms of the same species. Ex: the zebras on Madagascar 2; all giraffes have long necks but not the same length 34. Mutations- a fast change in the genotype; can be harmful or helpful to the organism

5. Notes December 1, 2014 When forming a theory scientists have to use facts. FACTS are evidence we can see and touch in order to study the evidence. Ex. Fact: fossils were formed from different kingdoms Fact: T Rex had a 6 foot tooth SPECULATION is a guess made by scientists based on facts. Ex. Speculation: color of dinosaurs

6. Notes December 1, 2014

7. Notes Dec. 2, 2013

8. CRCT Practice Dec. 2, 2014

9. December 3, 2013 Today we will view the History Channel’s video on fossils, fossil evidence, and theories. Write down 10 facts as you watch.

10. CRCT Practice December 3, 2014

11. Vocabulary December 3, 2014 35. homologous structure- structures that are alike but found in more than one species (ex. Number of cells, eukaryote, prokaryote, number of legs, teeth shape) 36. vestigial organs- an organ (structure) that was once fully developed and useable in an earlier stage of the species; today this organ is reduced and unusable

12. The theory of evolution was written by Charles Darwin after his visit to the Galapagos Islands. The theory is based on these facts: Fossil evidence found around the world Observations of living organisms (Galapagos Island finches and tortoises) Homologous structures- similarities in present day organisms Vestigial organs in present day organisms DNA evidence Notes, December 4, 2013

13. The Theory of Evolution states that all organisms are changing to meet the changing needs of their environment. The strongest (most fit) of the species survives and reproduces, passing their DNA on to the next generation. The changes in a species take a VERY LONG time. The change is SLOW and GRADUAL. This slow, gradual change is done through the process of Natural Selection. Notes, cont.

14. Read pages 177-185 in the new book.

15. CRCT PRACTICE December 5, 2014 The fossil record is used as part of the evidence for: A.Gradualism B.Absolute dating C.Evolution D.Fragmentation

16. Darwin observed: Population of organisms changed over time.  More offspring are born into a population than can survive into adulthood.  There is competition for food, water, shelter, and mates among members of the same species.  Starvation, disease, predation, and environmental changes cause the populations to change.  Some organisms were especially adapted for hunting.

17.  Some organisms were specially adapted for surviving being hunted.  All organisms had adaptations to meet their specific needs to get food and reproduce. There were variations among individual organisms of the same species.  These variations made some individuals better able to survive than other members of the same species living in the same area.  The organisms with the strongest traits survived and reproduced.

18. Isolation of a species from its original environment could cause new species to form. These new species exhibited the adaptations (survival characteristics) needed to survive and reproduce in the new environment. Fossil evidence shows that organisms and the Earth’s environment has changed slowly over a long period of time.  Some species were no longer on Earth.

19. CRCT Practice December 5, 2014 Which characteristic is common to all animals, plants, protist and fungi? A.ability to make their own food. B.eukaryotic cells. C.ability to move. D.multicellular structure.

20. Today we will visit the Galapagos Islands through an IMAX video. Write down 10 facts as we watch. These will be your ticket out the door today. We will share the facts in class later.