1. Debate 101

2. What is Debate? A debate is the practice of comparing & contrasting ideas that centers on the discussion of a RESOLUTION. The RESOLUTION IS....? - The FOCUS - One Sentence that tell us WHAT we are debating. Sound familiar??

3. 3 Debate Is... But, It Is Not... IS.... Search for Truth (“enlightened” argument) Attempts to find the best answer (for right now) IS NOT.... A Quarrel Make other person look bad, you look good Character Judgement Me vs. You -or- “Boxing Match” 3

4. 4 Why do we debate? Communication Skills College Transcripts Learn to research / think critically Become more informed on variety of issues Build Confidence Have Fun! / Test our “mental metal” Learn Rhetoric - how to make convincing arguments Logic and Persuasion! 4

5. 5 What are the possible Debate Roles? 1st Affirmative 2nd Affirmative Affirmative Cross Examination & Discussion Affirmative Rebuttal and Closure *************** Judges *************** 1st Negative 2nd Negative Negative Cross Examination & Discussion Negative Rebuttal and Closure 5

6. 6 A Look at Each Side... Resolution : Schools should continue to use the standardized test known as NJASK. The AFFIRMATIVE side argues to affirm, support, uphold the resolution - they argue in favor of standardized testing The NEGATIVE side argues to negate, reject, and goes against the resolution - they argue against standardized testing. 6

7. What Do Judges Do? In this order, you have 3 jobs to perform: 1. Decide a winning team. 2. Award individual speaker points 3. Give constructive feedback

8. 8 Resolution: Schools should continue to use the standardized test known as NJASK Mock Debate Exercise Side A of Classroom: Affirmative Side B of Classroom: Negative Divide your sides argument into 4 - 5 sections. What do you think each “section” will represent ?? Sound Familiar?? Work with members of your team to: affirm the resolution (affirmative) -OR- reject the resolution (negative)

9. 9 How will the REAL debate flow? 1st Affirmative 1st Negative 2nd Affirmative 2nd Negative.... Do you notice the back-and-forth / natural rhythm of a debate??? Debate Roles & Order of Events - Flow Sheet 9

10. Order of Events ( discussion ) 1st Affirmative Constructive Speech 1st Negative Constructive Speech 2nd Affirmative Constructive Speech Affirmative Rebuttal 2nd Negative Constructive Speech Cross Examination and Discussion Period Negative Rebuttal

11. Our Debate Format 1 st Affirmative Constructive (3 m) 1 st Negative Constructive (3m) 2 nd Affirmative Constructive (3m) 2 nd Negative Constructive (3m) 2 nd Affirmative Cross Examination & Discussion (3m) - negative team captain writes down opponents Qs! Recess to organize response during rebuttal (2m) 2 nd Negative Cross Examination & Discussion (3m) - affirmative team captain writes down opponents Qs! Recess to organize response during rebuttal (2m) Affirmative Rebuttal (2m) and Affirmative Closure (3m) Negative Rebuttal (2m) and Negative Closure (3m)

12. Evidence Keep track of your opponents arguments and evidence on flow sheet. Evidence can be in the form of facts, quotes, examples, or logic – it need not be numbers. You will judged based on the evidence you present in your debate, the content of your case. An argument without evidence carries no weight.

13. Cross-examination Questioning used to identify weaknesses in your opponents’ case. Questioners responsibilities : Be polite Be relevant to the topic Do not start a “boxing match” - No Quarrels

14. The “Clash” CLASH happens during cross examination Without clash, there is no debate Judges keep track of which arguments have been successfully clashed. Using the Judges Score Sheet CLASH is the deciding factor of a debate If a team fails to clash with major points, they should lose the debate

15. Recess - Discussion Period How each team deals with cross examination can decide the debate Remember - Teams are not allowed to make statements to the other team unless responding to a question Zero tolerance for rudeness - Writing Notes on your flow sheet is NOT considered rude, but is encouraged & helpful !

16. 1st Affirmative Speech 1.Statement of the Resolution 2.Outline all of the Affirmative Arguments 3.Expand Arguments (with use of evidence, aka proof)

17. 1st Negative Speech 1. Clash with 1st Affirmative Arguments Outline Own Arguments 2.Expand Arguments (evidence and proof)

18. 2nd Affirmative Speech 1.Clash with 1st Negative Arguments 2. Rebuild Affirmative Arguments 3.Outline Additional Arguments / Proof

19. 2nd Negative Speech 1.Clash with Affirmative Arguments 2.Rebuild Negative Arguments 3.Outline Additional Arguments / Evidence

20. Cross Examination –Information - gain details needed in order to disprove your opponent’s position Ask what they mean by terms, like “good” “bad” –Focus - narrow the judges/audience’s attention to what you believe to be the weakest aspect of your opponent’s arguments

21. Judging Procedure Did Each Side use Points of Information to challenge the other’s arguments? Each side must offer at least 2 question (maximum of 3) during cross examination. The Rebuttal Person must only accept 2 questions. How each team deals with this can decide the debate.

22. Rebuttals Both teams: Summarize THEIR case (body paragraph 3) Answer the opposing side’s questions! Explain why they are right and why Judges should ignore the opposition’s arguments During Rebuttals: No new arguments New evidence IS allowed

23. Prep Time Your team will have time to meet, you will have a designated spot in the classroom for FINAL prep of materials. As the affirmative team, your responsibility is to prove the case. As the negative team, your responsibility is to disprove the case. Use your prep time wisely, and remember that prep time is being used by the other team, too!

24. The Decision A judge’s decision can only be based on a team’s arguments, evidence, and “clash” There are no ties. If judges can’t decide, negative wins because the affirmative has not proven their case [burdeon of proof!] Poor debate etiquette (insulting comments, distracting gestures) can be used as one of the factors in choosing a winning team.