1. Chapter 4 Primary Themes 1.Evolution 2.Types of succession 3.Types of symbiotic relationships 4.Coevolution of predator and prey 5.Types of competition 6.Niche 7.Limiting resources 8.Keystone Species 9.Ecosystem Services

2. Ecosystems and Living Organisms Chapter 4

3. Evolution What is evolution and why is it important?

4. Competition How do competition and ecological forces create form?

5. Evolution Genetic changes in a population through time. Occurs through natural selection Overproduction Variation Struggle for existence Differential reproductive success Who breeds

6. Dolphins

7. Survival & Niches What is a niche?

8. The Ecological Niche Resource partitioning Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition Fundamental vs. Realized Niche

9. The Ecological Niche Limiting Resources Bald Cypress on campus - knees no knees

10. Symbiosis Describe human interactions in terms of Symbiotic relationships.

11. Coevolution & Symbiosis Symbiosis – one species living in or on another species results from coevolution

12. Interactions Among Organisms Symbiosis – Three types 1) Mutualism Without mycorrhizae With mycorrhizae Hippo Spa - You Tube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SJq2bnb1VA

13. Interactions Among Organisms Symbiosis – Three types 2) Commensalism Epiphytes The Alien & the Blind Man - you tube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vb_UeDVW4pI

14. Interactions Among Organisms Symbiosis – Three types 3) Parasitism Tracheal mites Video of wasp & caterpillar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs

15. Energy Acquisition Autotroph: Producer Chemotroph Heterotroph: Herbivores: frugivore Carnivores: insectivore Detritivore or Saprotroph Lives of dead or decomposing organisms

16. Defense How do plants and animals defend themselves?

17. Amazing Plants

18. Poison Ivy

19. Wild Parsnip Invasive Biennial

20. Phytophotodermatitis

21. Plant Defense Plant defenses – spines, thorns leathery leaves Chemicals Ethnobotanical: Herbal medicine 120 common drugs Digitalis = foxglove

22. Animal Defense Chemicals, armor, spines, behavior, camouflage A chemical from the skin of an Ecuadorian frog has turned out to be a painkiller 200 times as potent as morphine.