3. Pamphlets as Insight into Popular Thought

6. Why do popular governments rely on freedom of speech? Why did monarchies suppress many forms of writing? How did censorship influence writing?

7. What measures did the English monarchs take to control print?

8. How did the English government censor publications A.The Court of Star Chamber prosecuted anyone who printed news about the governance of the realm B.The monarchy gave a printing monopoly to the stationers guild C.Punishments for publishing without a license included the pillory and even the severing of limbs D.The monarchy produced lists of prohibited books beginning in 1529

9. Identify the factors that encouraged a proliferation of pamphlets 1640-1660 A.Widespread thirst for knowledge about the Civil Wars (1642-1648) B.Rising literacy rates C.Small handpresses were difficult to suppress D.During the 1640s the government was preoccupied with the civil wars

10. What were some of the forms of publication circulating in the 1640s?

11. Forms of Publications Books Ballads Almanacs Pamphlets & Chapbooks

13. Confessional Map of Western Christendom c. 1560

14. Luther & The Reformation Reaction against indulgences Questioning the practices the medieval Church had developed to sustain its finances Based on deep religious conviction Not really progressive but tended to be very conservative

15. Henry VIII In Defense of the Seven Sacraments 1521 Act of Supremacy 1534

16. Thomas Cromwell Involved in suppression of monasteries in 1520s Architect of Henry’s break with Rome: Act of supremacy (1534)

17. Edward, Prince of Wales 1539

18. Edward VI r. 1547-1554 ushered in a more radical form of Protestantism

20. Reliquaries Vessels containing sacred relics Often ornate Often objects of veneration Detested by reformers as opposed to Second commandment

23. Calvinist Worship

24. Puritans

25. Queen Mary I r. 1553-1558 returned England to Catholicism

26. Phillip II King of Spain r. 1556-1598 sought to destroy Protestantism

27. Philip was unpopular with his English subjects

28. Queen Elizabeth 1558- 1603

30. The Netherlands 1555

31. Course of the Spanish Armada 1588

32. James I Son of Mary Stuart Ruled England 1603-25 Wrote Concerning the Divine Right of Kings His favorite, the Duke of Buckingham undermined his popularity Engaged in ideological quarrel with Sir Edward Coke over prerogative courts

34. Puritans

35. Charles I Maintained a lifelong devotion to the divine right of kings Even his advocates considered him less than brilliant and lacking people skills  By Van Dyck, 1635

36. Henrietta Maria Catholic Queen to Charles I

37. Archbishop William Laud 1633-45