1. Announcements Homework due now Survey VF passed! DNA from Portugal, Dr. Jorge here Exam II was handed out (emailed too)

2. Respiration Metabolism

4. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion (in regions called “cristae”) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+H+ NAD + FAD Complex IComplex IIComplex IIIComplex IV Cyt c FADH 2 NADH Inner membrane O2O2 Q H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H2O H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ F o unit Stalk F 1 unit ATP ADP+PiPi H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ Q ATP

7. ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION FERMENTATION Cellular respiration KREBS CYCLE Glucose Pyruvate GLYCOLYSIS If electron acceptor (such as oxygen) is present If electron acceptor (such as oxygen) is NOT present

8. ADP GLYCOLYSIS All 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in cytosol Glucose- 6-phosphate What goes in: What comes out: 2 Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate ATP Glycolysis begins with an energy- investment phase of 2 ATP ADP ATP 1345 Glucose

9. PIP Think of the beginning of “Glyco-lysis” as eating a pizza

10. Think Glucose = Pizza The common ‘hexo-pyranose’ form of Pizza

11. Meet PIP (Phosphorylate-Isomerize-Phosphorylate) Is that really the best way to hold on to your pizza?

12. Aldolase = Fructose 1-6 Bisphosphate -> DHAP (ick) and G-3-P (tasty!)

13. DHAP (ick) G-3-P (tasty!) Isomerase ->

14. G-3-P (tasty!)

15. ADP GLYCOLYSIS Glucose- 6-phosphate What goes in: What comes out: 2 Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate ATP Energy-investment phase ADP ATP 1345 Glucose Hexokinase (capture) PFK*phosphoglucoisomerase [ATP] high PPI ??????

16. ATP at regulatory site Fructose- 1,6- bisphosphate at active site ATP at active site PFK is highly regulated

17. ADP GLYCOLYSIS Glucose- 6-phosphate What goes in: What comes out: 2 Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate ATP Energy-investment phase ADP ATP 1345 Glucose hexokinasePFK*phosphoglucoisomerase aldolase isomerase DHAP [ATP] high PPI G-3-P inhibits Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)-dehydrogenase [ADP] [AMP] stimulates

18. Phosphoglycero(PG)-kinase Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)-dehydrogenase PIP

19. ADP GLYCOLYSIS All 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in cytosol Glucose- 6-phosphate What goes in: What comes out: 2 Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate ATP Glycolysis begins with an energy- investment phase of 2 ATP ADP ATP 1345 Glucose G-3-P Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)-dehydrogenase G-3-P

20. During the energy payoff phase, 4 ATP are produced for a net gain of 2 ATP 768910 2 2 NAD + 2 NADH 2 ADP 2 ATP Pyruvate 2 ATP 2 ADP 2 2 22 The “2” indicates that glucose has been split into two 3-carbon sugars Phosphoglycero(PG)-kinase 3-PGA1,3-BisPGA G-3-P-dehydrogenase 2 G-3-P Energy payoff phase pyruvate kinase

31. SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION Mitochondrion Glucose 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate Cytoplasm 2 ATP Where do we go next?

33. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex

36. SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION Mitochondrion Glucose 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate Cytoplasm 2 ATP If you have O2, enter the Matrix

37. SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION Mitochondrion 2 Acetyl CoAGlucose 2 NADH 2 CO 2 2 Pyruvate Cytoplasm 2 ATP 2 NADH Where do we go next?

38. SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION Mitochondrion 2 Acetyl CoAGlucose 2 NADH 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 ATP 2 CO 2 4 CO 2 2 Pyruvate KREBS CYCLE Cytoplasm 2 ATP 2 NADH

42. SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION Mitochondrion 2 Acetyl CoAGlucose 2 NADH 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 ATP 2 CO 2 4 CO 2 2 Pyruvate KREBS CYCLE Cytoplasm 2 ATP 2 NADH

43. H2OH2O O2O2 SUMMARY OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION Cytoplasm 2 Acetyl CoA Glucose 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 ATP 26 ADP 2 CO 2 4 CO 2 2 Pyruvate KREBS CYCLE Electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation 26 ATP H+H+ Maximum yield of ATP per molecule of glucose: 2 NADH Electrons GLYCOLYSIS H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ 30 Mitochondrion

44. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion (in regions called “cristae”) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+H+ NAD + FAD Complex IComplex IIComplex IIIComplex IV Cyt c FADH 2 NADH Inner membrane O2O2 Q H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H2O H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ F o unit Stalk F 1 unit ATP ADP+PiPi H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ Q

45. Respiration Summary

46. ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION FERMENTATION Cellular respiration KREBS CYCLE Glucose Pyruvate GLYCOLYSIS If oxygen (aerobic) is present If oxygen is NOT present (anaerobic)