1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Heart Anatomy

2. General Closed System Double System
Blood Remains in Blood Vessels & Heart
Double System
Four Chambers (Separation of Oxygenated & Deoxygenated Blood)
Heart is Double Organ:
Pulmonary Circuit (Heart  Lungs  Heart)
Systemic Circuit (Heart Body Tissues  Heart)

4. Heart – Size & Location Size: Adult Clenched Fist
Position: Mediastinum, 2/3 to Left of Midline
Relationships to Other Organs:
Medial to Lungs
Superior to Diaphragm
Anterior to Esophagus, Descending Aorta

7. Heart – Surface Anatomy
Sulci
Grooves, Indicate Boundaries of Chambers
Coronary Sulcus (Between Atria & Ventricles)
Interventricular Sulci (Between Ventricles)
Apex (Inferior, Pointed Tip)
Base (Superior end of Heart, Point of Attachment for Great Vessels)
The base is formed by the atria, mostly the left atrium

10. Heart - Chambers Atria (2) Superior Receiving Chambers (From Veins)
Auricles (ear-like flaps)
Right Atrium:
O2 Poor Blood From Venae Cavae & Coronary Sinus (Systemic Circ.)
Left Atrium:
O2 Rich Blood From Pulmonary Veins of Lungs
Auricles are small conical pouches forming a portion of each atrium

12. Heart – Chambers continued
Ventricles (2)
Inferior Pumping Chambers (to Arteries)
Receive from Atria
Right Ventricle:
O2 Poor Blood from Rt Atrium to Pulmonary Arteries (Pulmonary Circ.)
Left Ventricle:
O2 Rich Blood from Left Atrium to Aorta (Systemic Circ.)

13. Heart - Valves One-Way, Direct Blood Flow
Passive; blood pushes them closed
2 Pairs:
Atrioventricular (Cuspid) Valves
Between Atria & Ventricles
Tricuspid (Right)
Bicuspid (left)

15. Atrioventricular Valves cont.
AV Valves are anchored to structures in the ventricles:
Chordae Tendineae
Strong, Fibrous Strings
Prevent Cusp Eversion
Papillary Muscle
Conical Extensions of Myocardium in Ventricles
Contract & pull on chordae tendinae

16. AV (MITRAL) VALVES OPEN CLOSED Cusps
D&P 3e Fig 18-7 p549 / 2e Fig 18-8 p627
05 2e p627 Cardiac valves2of3.tif

17. Heart - Valves Semilunar Valves Between Ventricles & Arteries
Prevent blood from back flow into ventricles
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (Right)
Aortic Semilunar Valve (Left)

19. SEMILUNAR VALVES OPEN CLOSED Cusps
D&P 3e Fig 18-7 p549 / 2e Fig 18-8 p627
05 2e p627 Cardiac valves3of3.tif

20. Heart - Wall 3 Layers: Endocardium (Inner) Endothelium
Lines Chambers, Valves, Septa, Blood Vessels
Myocardium (Middle)
Thickest Layer (Esp. in Left Ventricle!)
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Inherent Rhythmicity
Trabeculae Carnae – Ridges, Folds & Bridges of Ventricular Myocardium

22. Heart – Wall continued Epicardium (Outer) Visceral Pericardium
Serous Membrane
Thin, Fibrous, Transparent

23. Heart - Septa Internal Walls Separate Chambers 2 Septa:
Interatrial Septum (Between the Atria)
Interventricular Septum (Between the Ventricles)

24. Heart – Pericardial Sac
Parietal Pericardium
Encloses Heart & Bases of Great Vessels
Composed of :
Inner Serous Coat/Serous Pericardium
Parietal & Visceral Pericardium
Both Secrete Lubricating Pericardial Fluid into
Pericardial Cavity (Space Between Serous Layers)

25. Heart – Pericardial Sac continued
Outer Fibrous Coat
Tough, Protective
Reinforces Serous Coat