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2 nd Semester 2004 1 204111 Module1 Introduction to Computer and Programming อภิรักษ์ จันทร์สร้าง Aphirak Jansang aphirak.j@ku.ac.th http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~aphirak Computer Engineering Department Kasetsart University, Bangkok THAILAND
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2 nd Semester 2004 2 Outline Introduction to Computer How to run program? Programming Languages Introduction to Pascal Language
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2 nd Semester 2004 3 How can we classify computers? Personal Computer Desktop Computer Notebook PDA – Personal Digital Assistant Supercomputer Mainframe High Computation Power
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2 nd Semester 2004 4 Computer Components Input Devices Output Devices Computing & Processing Unit
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2 nd Semester 2004 5 CPU Main Memory Input Devices HD Secondary Memory Output Devices Computer Components
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2 nd Semester 2004 6 Computer Memory 1.Main Memory 2.Secondary Memory
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2 nd Semester 2004 7 1. Main Memory Can be devided into 2 Categories RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory) Memory Cell -> Byte -> Bit 1 Byte = 8 bits
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2 nd Semester 2004 8 2. Secondary Memory Floppy disk Hard disk CDROM DVDROM Etc… 1 Kbyte = 2 10 = 1024 bytes 1 Mbyte = 2 20 = 1,048,576 bytes 1 Gbyte = 2 30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes
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2 nd Semester 2004 9 Main Memory VS Secondary Memory Main Memory Much faster More expensive Volatile Secondary Memory Slower Less expensive Permanent
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2 nd Semester 2004 10 Outline Introduction to Computer How to run program? Programming Languages Introduction to Pascal Language
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2 nd Semester 2004 11 How to run program? After boot Process May be Windows XP (Operating System: OS) has been loaded into Main Memory User tell OS to load program P1 OS Load program P1 from Secondary Memory into Main Memory OS run program from Main Memory
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2 nd Semester 2004 12 Outline Introduction to Computer How to run program? Programming Languages Introduction to Pascal Language
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2 nd Semester 2004 13 Programming Languages Machine Language Assembly Language High-Level Language
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2 nd Semester 2004 14 High-level VS Assembly VS Machine Language High-level Language SUM := A * 2 + ALPHA/3; Assembly Language MULL3A, #2, R6 DIVL3#3, ALPHA, R7 ADDL3R6, R7, SUM Machine Language 00011000011 00011001111 10011000111
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2 nd Semester 2004 15 High-Level Languages Procedural Language Fortran Cobol Basic C Pascal Object-Oriented Language C++ Java Functional Language Lisp Logic Language Prolog
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2 nd Semester 2004 16 How to execute program from non-machine language? 1. Interpretation Method 2. Translation Method
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2 nd Semester 2004 17 1.Interpreation Process Interpreter (on computer) Output Source Program Input
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2 nd Semester 2004 18 2. Translation Process Translation Phase Link Phase Execute Phase Source Program Translator Object Program Library Linker Execute Program Output CPUInput Data
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2 nd Semester 2004 19 Translator Example Pascal Test.pas Pascal compiler Test.exe Source Code Executable Program 1 2 Translation Phase + Link Phase -Ready to use -Not required source code and compiler anymore
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2 nd Semester 2004 20 Translators Assembler (assembly) Compiler (High-level language)
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2 nd Semester 2004 21 Outline Introduction to Computer How to run program? Programming Languages Introduction to Pascal Language
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2 nd Semester 2004 22 Introduction to Pascal Procedural programming language Developed by Prof.Niklaus Wirth (Switzerland, 1970s) Named in honor to mathematician, Blaise Pascal Most popular -> Turbo Pascal
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2 nd Semester 2004 23 Pascal Program Structure Program Heading Declarations Main Routine (Program body)
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2 nd Semester 2004 24 Pascal Program Structure program myFirstProgram; const myStudentId = 1234567; var courseTaken: integer; begin write(‘Please Enter a number of courses’); read(‘courseTaken’); writeln(‘Student’, myStudentId, ‘ takes ’, courseTaken, ‘ courses in this semester’); end. Program Heading Declarations Program Body
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2 nd Semester 2004 25 Basic Elements of Pascal Character set Reserved words Identifiers Constants / Variables Statement / Expression Function / Procedure
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2 nd Semester 2004 26 Character set Three categories Letter (A…Z, a…z) Digit (0…9) Special character (+ - * / _ = ! <> []{})
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2 nd Semester 2004 27 Reserved Words( คำสงวน ) Predefined meaning and usage Cannot be redefined by the programmer Examples program begin / end const / var etc.
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2 nd Semester 2004 28 Reserved Words program myFirstProgram; const myStudentId = 1234567; var courseTaken: integer; begin write(‘Please Enter a number of courses’); read(‘courseTaken’); writeln(‘Student’, myStudentId, ‘ takes ’, courseTaken, ‘ courses in this semester’); end.
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2 nd Semester 2004 29 Identifiers( ตัวบ่งชี้ ) Symbolic names for program elements Rules for constructing identifiers Letters, digits, and under score (_) First character letter Can be long (63 char) Reserved words are not allowed
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2 nd Semester 2004 30 Identifiers( ตัวบ่งชี้ ) program myFirstProgram; const myStudentId = 1234567; var courseTaken: integer; begin write(’Please Enter a number of courses’); read(courseTaken); writeln(’Student’, myStudentId, ’ takes ’, courseTaken, ’ courses in this semester’); end.
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2 nd Semester 2004 31 Identifier( ตัวบ่งชี้ ) examples Valid examples score, count, total score1, count99, total09 score_1, count_99, total_99 myStudentId my_student_id Invalid examples point&score total-number 9points
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2 nd Semester 2004 32 Notes for Identifiers( ตัวบ่งชี้ ) Identifiers are case-insensitive mystudentId Mystudentid MYSTUDENTID Some identifiers are predefined meanings (Standard Identifiers – can be redefined) interger, real write, writeln, read, readln
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2 nd Semester 2004 33 Identifiers( ตัวบ่งชี้ ) program myFirstProgram; const myStudentId = 1234567; var courseTaken: integer; begin write(’Please Enter a number of courses’); read(courseTaken); writeln(’Student’, myStudentId, ’ takes ’, courseTaken, ’ courses in this semester’); end.
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2 nd Semester 2004 34 Conclusions In this class we have learned Computer Categories/Components Programming Language Machine/Assembly/High-level Language Intro to Pascal Language Pascal Structure program heading declarations program body Reserved Words, Identifiers Basic Pascal – Reserved Words, Identifiers
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2 nd Semester 2004 35 Programming Strategy Don’t rush to key in the computer Think carefully about the problem Try to solve by hand Plan your program Test by hand if possible Start programming Program Compilation Testing / Debug Documentation Maintenance
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2 nd Semester 2004 36 What will we learn in Next Class? Pascal Language Basic
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