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Chapter 1 Section 2 Science as a Process Ms. Scerra
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Behavior of Natural Systems The goal of Science is to explain natural phenomena. Scientists: Start with the assumption that nature is understandable and predictable. However, natural systems are complex so… Scientists follow the same basic method of studying and describing natural events.
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1. Ask a Question Scientific inquiry begins with observation. Science inquiry involves asking questions and processing information from a variety of reliable sources.
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Observation vs. Inference Observation- direct way of gathering information in an organized way. Inference- taking observations and making a logical conclusion
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Let’s make some observations!
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2. Form a Hypothesis Hypothesis - a testable explanation of a situation. Hypothesis that are supported through experiments and data are then accepted in the scientific community.
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3. Test the Hypothesis An Experiment - a procedure carried out by certain guidelines.
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Experiment Variables Independent Variable – Only one factor in an experiment that you change. Ex: Amount of Sunlight Dependent Variable – What is being tested or measured Results from or depends on changes to the independent variable Ex: A Plant Growing Control Group- group you keep the same (all variables are constant)
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Scientific Measurements Precision – exactness of the measurement. Accuracy – how close a measurement is to the true value of the thing being measured.
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Analyzing the Data A graph of the data makes easier to interpret.
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4. Report Conclusions Conclusions are reached after Controlled experiments Unbiased investigations Large amounts of data Conclusions are published so others can review the results and discuss the merit of the experiment.
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Finally….. A Scientific Theory is made. Theory- explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time A theory is NOT the final answer because Scientists debate each other ideas New information can always change a theory
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Identify the following terms: identify the problem, hypothesis, experiment, independent variable, dependent variable, and create a conclusion The leaves on my tomato plants were turning yellow. I was not sure what to do. I decided that maybe they were not getting enough sun. I moved one plant into the sun and left the other one where it was. I recorded the different shades of the leaves (yellow, yellow-green, and green).
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