1. The Death of the Mall of Memphis Urban Studies Senior Seminar Katherine Mauzy February 17, 2004

2. Data Collected:  Literature  Census Information  Crime Information  Consumer Surveys  Business Evaluations

3. Hypotheses:  Location Income Crime Surrounding businesses  Competition Proximity to competing malls Tenants  Demographics Income Race

4. What is a dead mall? Annual sales per square foot is less than $150, or one-third the rate of sales at a successful mall Characteristics of a dead mall:  Small size  Advancing age  Less affluent neighborhoods  Stiff competition  Middle or low-end stores  Vacancy  Located in first-ring suburbs

5. Malls Studied:  Mall of Memphis 1982- December 24, 2003 4451 American Way  Hickory Ridge 1981 6075 Winchester Road  Oak Court 1988 530 Oak Court Drive- off of Poplar Avenue  Southland 1966 1215 Southland Mall- off of Shelby Drive

6. LOCATION

10. Perception of Crime  “I remember several of my friends in Memphis advising me not to take a date ice skating at the ‘Mall of Murder.’”  Kent Ahren, January 29, 2003 (www.deadmalls.com)www.deadmalls.com  “A reputation for crime in the late 80's and the nickname "Mall of Murder" didn't help steer shoppers inside the stores of the Southeast Memphis mega mall.”  News Channel 3, December 23, 2003  “I don’t shop at the Mall of Memphis because I don’t want to get shot or robbed when I go to the mall. It is supposed to be a realxing event.”  Elizabeth Winkelmann, April 16, 2004

12. COMPETITION

14. Loss of Tenants Loss of anchor department stores, Dillard’s and JC Penny’s in 2001 On closing day, only 13 of the 160 stores were still open

16. DEMOGRAPHICS

18. Income Comparison: 1990-2000  1990 Median household income for the City of Memphis: $22,674 Median household income for the Mall of Memphis: $26,129  Mall of Memphis was 15% ABOVE the city of Memphis  2000 Median household income for the City of Memphis: $32,285 Median household income for the Mall of Memphis: $30,674  Mall of Memphis area is 5% BELOW the City of Memphis

19. Changing Race: White

21. Changing Race: Hispanic

23. Mall of Memphis…