1. Key issues Why – objectives: CBM (in this case) but be clear on each stakeholder’s objectives What is their involvement – level of participation identified and clear from the outset Who is involved – Stakeholders identified and kind of participation agreed and clear How – attitudes and behaviour, methods and process design

2. Attitudes and behaviour √ Methods – e.g. PRA/PLA tools √ Good process How (to facilitate participation)?

3. 1. What is our situation? 1 Situation analysis Generate relevant information for discussion and analysis about the local environment, resource use and problems Mapping Historical profile / timeline Seasonal calendar 2. Why these problems and what can we do? 2 Learning & Awareness Discuss traditional and scientific information important for understanding issues and planning actions Ecological and traditional knowledge Stakeholders Problem trees 3. Can the community agree a way forward? 3 Action Planning Select priority issues and develop actions to address these including time frame and responsible people/agencies Issue discussion / ranking Action plan / matrix 4. How can we tell our plan is working? 4 Monitoring plan Develop and implement a monitoring plan during subsequent workshops and follow up Link to Action plan Community steps Facilitation steps PLA tools

4. 1. What is our situation? Mapping Historical profile / timeline Seasonal calendar 2. Why these problems and what can we do? Ecological and traditional knowledge Stakeholders Problem trees 3. Can the community agree a way forward? Issue discussion / ranking Action plan / matrix 4. How can we tell our plan is working? Link to Action plan Monitoring plan Monitor/survey Community steps tools

5. TOOLOBJECTIVE Resource map Community gathers information on their area, their resources, important features and problems Historical profile Community analyses their development over the years Seasonal calendar Community looks at how resources, use and users change over the year Problem trees, causes and effects Community list problems and their root causes Posters and traditional knowledge Discussion and understanding of some problems, causes and possible solutions Management plan The way for the community to solve their problems is described and an agreed plan is made with who will do what and the time. All the other tools and especially the map are consulted for this Why are we selecting these PLA tools to use in community workshops?

6. Process design, workshops and preparation, preparation, preparation

7. The three key steps to participation 1 Define realistic and achievable objectives for the process and each stage Design participatory processes which will achieve the objectives Select methods and tools which will most effectively fit the participatory process 1 after Govan et al. 1997

8. Preparation Ensuring that optimum conditions exist for the proposed project process before starting: Whose idea was it? Is the request genuine and the community committed? Are there any conflicts or insurmountable environmental problems? Who should be involved? Have we the capacity to help? Design of basic process. Consider an “exit strategy” Securing support of government and Provincial agencies Any income generating options? Agree work process with leaders and authorities Tenure and governance? Capacity building of staff and community members Prepare for next stage Implementation Working directly with communities and other agencies to assess the problems, exchange information, seek possible solutions, devise a plan and implement it. 1. People develop a community management plan (“PLA”) a.Community analyses situation b.Community considers local, traditional and new information c.Community develops an Action Plan defining who does what and how to know if it works d.Develop or clarify local governance to implement and adapt the plan 2. Implement the plan and check if it is working (enforce and monitor) 3. Discuss results and revise management plan if needed (go to #1 = see adaptive management) Ongoing Leave mechanism for sustainable process. Long term support to local process but by long term agencies. Changing roles of NGO, communities and government (hand over) Monitor process/liaison Inputs as required (response to emergencies, income generating projects etc.) Capacity building of responsible ministries and agencies Disseminate or exchange results - share the experience with other sites EXIT STRATEGY of facilitating agency An outline community based coastal management process

9. DatesDaysEvent Preparation April- June‘05 15 Prepare process Situation analysis 1-10 July 1 Prepare facilitators 11-15 July 1 Ensure village meetings adequately publicised/arranged 16 July 2 Prepare materials (in Fijian) and logistics 17-30 July8 Village situation analysis 1-3 August1 Meet with other stakeholders e.g. fishermen (Tentative) 3 Aug1 Facilitators/team debrief and planning 4-15 August4? Village Report preparation (x 8) 17- 20 Aug 1+1 Return reports to villages and feedback/corrections Action planning 20 – 30 Sep 3 Prepare for action planning (inc. confirming other NGOs) 1-3 Oct 1 Prepare team/facilitators 5-10 Oct 2 Action planning Follow-up Oct- Dec - Implementation and Example of project workplan

10. 21 questions for preparing PLA workshops See handout

11. Process design group work Someone from the village of Hima Loki approaches you wanting help increasing reef fish and invertebrate catches in their lagoon Form into regional groups and consult all handouts (p 37, 234, 244) – two tasks: 1.Design a project as a flow chart that responds to the request from Hima Loki (maximum of 45 minutes) 2.Suggest a design for a key workshop and write on a flip chart as a table showing steps and sequence of tools (45 minutes) Make sure you apply the “3 key steps” and refer to check lists and suggestions in other handouts

12. Map out the whole project Write clear objectives Preparatory stages Implementation Follow-up, long term sustainability Then move on to some of the key activities

13. Report back on designs

14. Next steps in your island or project Discuss the roles of insitutions and people. How to make sure that collaborate and work together. How to make sure expectations of community are not unfairly raised? Choose options that community can implement After these discussions make a detailed plan of the next steps for your project or island E.g step 1 – action, who, when step 2 – action, who, when etc

15. Clarify everyone’s objectives Overview PLA tools and example management plan Things to think about – involve all community, who is responsible, etc How MPAs work, other management tools

16. Questions for resource management… Has the community identified and understood the main problems affecting their resources? Have “doable” solutions been identified? Do the local communities feel that the plans are theirs? Do all the main fishers agree and respect the agreed plans? Do the plans depend on anything that is out of community control? How can communities tell if the plan is working? Are support agencies (gov and NGO) committed?

17. Workshop Evaluation Method Objectives. Outputs. Good thingsThings that could be improved 0 10 5