1. Chemistry Notes: The Periodic Table

2. Chemical Symbols Symbols are usually the first one or two letters of the element name. The first letter is CAPITALIZED and the second letter is not. – Examples: Carbon=C Calcium =Ca, Some elements have symbols that refer to the element’s name in latin. – Examples: Iron=Fe (Ferris), Copper = Cu (cupric)

3. What does the information in the box tell me? 1 H 1.008 Atomic Number = # of protons Atomic Mass = actual mass of the atom *if you round, you get Atomic mass Number (# of protons plus neutrons) Elemental Symbol

4. The Father of the Periodic Table— Dimitri Mendeleev Dimitri Mendeleev was the first scientist to Create a periodic Table. – Arranged his periodic table by increasing atomic mass. (Now its done by atomic number.) – Said properties of unknown elements could be predicted by the properties of elements around the missing elements.

6. 3 categories on the periodic table MetalsNon-metalsMetalloids Majority of all elementsLess commonrare Have the typical traits of a metal (good conductors, shiny, malleable, black, copper, silver, grey, or gold in color Traits opposite of metals- Brittle, lack luster, poor conductors Have traits of both metals and nonmetals Found on the left of the periodic table Found on the far right of the periodic table Found between the metals and non metals (near the zig zag line)

7. Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids

8. Valence Electrons and Reactivity Valence electrons are the electrons farthest from the nucleus. Atoms have different numbers of valence electrons. Reactivity: how likely an atom is to interact (react) with other atoms. Some elements are very reactive, while others almost never react.

9. The 18 Groups/Families of the Periodic Table There are 18 different Families /groups on the periodic table All elements in the same group have similar chemical properties/reactivity Each group has a name (noble gases, halogens, etc) Groups 1,2 and 13-18 tell us the # of valence electrons.

10. The 7 Periods of the Periodic Table There are 7 Periods that run from left to right. The period number tell us the number of electron orbitals in the atom. Ex) Hydrogen in period 1 had 1 orbital Lithium in period 2 has 2 electron orbitals.

11. The Periodic Table Column (up and down)= Group or Family 18 columns on the Periodic Table Row (side to side)= Period 7 rows on the Periodic Table

12. Group 1: the Alkali Metals Hydrogen is NOT part of this family!!! Most reactive metals on the PT – Reactive: how likely an atom is to interact with other atoms Rarely found free (by themselves) in nature. 1 valence electron Soft and silvery, shiny Very reactive, esp. with water Conduct electricity

13. Group 2: the Alkaline Earth Metals Still quite reactive have 2 valence electrons White, silvery, and malleable Conduct electricity

14. Groups 3-12: Transition Metals Found freely and in compounds in nature Valence electron numbers vary Almost all are solids at room temp (except Mercury, Hg, is a liquid) Good conductors of heat and electricity.

15. Group 13: Boron Family – Named after the first element in the group, Boron – have 3 valence electrons

16. Group 14: The Carbon Family Contain Carbon have 4 valence electrons

17. Group 15: the Nitrogen Family Group contains Nitrogen have 5 valence electrons

18. Group 16: The Oxygen Family Contains oxygen have 6 valence electrons

19. Group 17: the Halogens Most reactive nonmetals have 7 valence electrons Bond with alkaline metals

20. Group 18: The Noble Gases (aka-Inert Gases) Nobel Gases are Nonreactive b/c of a “full Valence shell” 2 or 8 valence electrons All are gases

21. Rare Earth Metals The actinide series metals are Radioactive The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray colored metals. Conduct electricity Lanthanides Actinides

22. Trends in the Periodic Table Atomic size/volume Decreases as you move from left to right across the table. (more protons, pulls electrons in) Atomic size increases as you move from top to bottom of the table. The density of an element increases from top to bottom. The element Osmium has the highest known density. The most reactive elements are groups 1 and 17. The least reactive elements are in group 18.