1. The Closing
of the
Western Frontier

2. the
plains
indians

3. Buffalo Hunters
Plains Indians used all parts of the Buffalo

4. Indian Wars

5. 80 soldiers massacred December 21, 1866
Capt. William J. Fetterman
80 soldiers massacred December 21, 1866

6. Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851)
Colorado Gold Rush (1859)

7. Colonel John Chivington
Kill and scalp all, big and little! Sandy Creek, CO Massacre November 29, 1864

8. 2nd Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1868) Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (1867)
Reservation Policy

9. Gold Found in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory!
1874

10. Gen. George Armstrong Custer
The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876
Gen. George Armstrong Custer
Chief Sitting Bull

11. Nez Percé tribal retreat (1877)
Chief Joseph I will fight no more forever!
Nez Percé tribal retreat (1877)

12. Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 1890

13. Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless Body Wounded Knee, SD, 1890

14. Indian Reservations Today

15. "Do not misunderstand me [and] my affection for the land
"Do not misunderstand me [and] my affection for the land. I never said the land was mine to do with as I chose. The one who has the right to dispose of it is the one who has created it. I claim a right to live on my land, and accord you the privilege to live on yours. The earth is the mother of all people and all people should have equal rights upon it. “You might as well expect the rivers to run backward as that any man who was born a free man should be contented when penned up and denied liberty to go where he pleases..." Chief Joseph

16. A Century of Dishonor (1881)
Helen Hunt Jackson
Jackson was a writer that told about the adverse treatment of Native Americans by the U.S. Government in her book,
A Century of Dishonor (1881)

17. Carlisle Indian School, PA
Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Assimilation Policy
Carlisle Indian School, PA

18. Crazy Horse Monument: Black Hills, SD
Lakota Chief

19. The Traditional View of the West

20. The near extinction of the buffalo.
Destruction of the Buffalo Herds
The near extinction of the buffalo.

21. Yellowstone National Park First national park established in 1872.

22. National Parks

23. With President Theodore Roosevelt
Conservation Movement
John Muir
With President Theodore Roosevelt

24. Sierra Club
Founded in 1892