1. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. The Skeletal System 1. Bones (living organism-has blood supply, needs nutrients & oxygen) Osteocytes: bone cells 2. Cartilage(fibers are embedded in a firm gel instead of a calcified cement substance like bones) Chondrocytes: cartilage cells 3. Joints (articulations) 4. Ligaments (hold bone to bone) 5. Tendons (hold bone to muscle) 1.Axial skeleton: Skull, Ribs, Sternum, Hyoid bone, Vertebrae Protect major organs like the brain, heart and lungs 2.Appendicular skeleton: Upper Extremities: Shoulder, arms, wrists, hands, fingers Lower Extremities: Pelvic girdle, legs, ankles, feet, toes Works with muscles to produce movement Two subdivisions of the skeleton: 1 Function of Bones 1.___________the body 2. Protect soft ________________ 3. Allow Movement due to attached skeletal muscles 4. Store minerals and fats _______________and phosphorus and Fat in the internal marrow cavity 5. __________ cell formation (process is called hematopoiesis) Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton

2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. The adult skeleton has __________bones _______ basic types of bone tissue ____________bone Tightly packed bones Has small canals for blood vessel Hard, outer layer found on outside of most bones ___________ bone Many open spaces, needle-like pieces of bone Found in joints & at end of bones Bones of the Human Body Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape Bones are classified as: ____________ _____________ 2 Spongy Compact

4. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Bones _______________bones Typically longer than they are wide Shaft with heads situated at both ends Contain mostly _______________bone All of the bones of the ____________(except wrist, ankle, and kneecap bones) Examples: ___________ Humerus, ________ ____________bones Generally __________shaped Contain mostly _____________bone Includes bones of the wrist and ankle ______________bones are a type of short bone which form within tendons (patella) Examples: Carpals (bones in hand) __________ (foot) ________bones Thin, flattened, and usually ________ Two ______layers of compact bone _______ a layer of spongy bone Example: ________ Ribs Sternum _________bones Irregular shape Do not fit into other bone classification categories Example: ____________ Hip bones 3