1. Populism and Protest: Section 4.3 Labor Violence

2. Review What characterizes a market economy? What characterizes a command economy? What is social Darwinism? What is a monopoly? What is horizontal integration? What is vertical integration?

3. Factory Work

4. By the end of this lesson you will be able to: Explain why laborers organized by identifying the condition under which they worked. Identify the significant labor unions, people who led them, and analyze their impact on the labor movement. Explain how several violent confrontations gave labor a bad and radical image and created a backlash against the movement.

5. Describe the working conditions endured by factory workers. Dangerous 12-14 hour workday 6 days a week. Women received ½ pay of men Can be fired for any reason No sick days, health insurance, workers compensation Employed children from age 5 and up

6. What options did the workers have? Can they appeal to their bosses? Protest? Go on strike? Vote with ONE voice Can they petition the government? NO!!! They can UNITE

7. What are unions? Union= Organization in which workers band together to form a collective voice to gain better pay, conditions, etc. Called guilds in Middle Ages

8. What methods do unions and employees use to fight each other? Strike= a work stoppage Boycott= organized agreement not to buy from certain company Lockout= when the employee closes his business to force workers to abide by his rule Scab= worker hired to break a strike

9. Who were the Knights of Labor? Labor union made up of various skilled and unskilled workers Wanted –shorter work day (8 hours) –Equal pay for women

10. What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)? Less radical labor union Accepted capitalism Wanted “Piece of the Pie” Led by Samuel Gompers Used non violent methods Strikes and boycotts Where would the AFL fall on the political spectrum?

11. Haymarket Riot Presentation

12. What happened at the Haymarket Riot (1886)? American Unions sought to gain 8 hour workday Called for general strike on May 1 striking workers in Chicago met near the McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. to harass “scabs” who had taken their jobs 6 workers shot by Pinkerton guards How do you think the public viewed labor unions at this point?

13. What happened at the Haymarket Riot (1886)? 1 thousand workers held rally at Haymarket square to protest murder of workers by police Bomb thrown killed 7 cops, injured dozens Cops killed 10 protesters, injured dozens 4 radical leaders hanged (with little evidence) Began image that unions are led by violent revolutionaries

14. Homestead Presentation

15. Steel prices/demand were steady rising in 1892 Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (AA) asked for wage increases Henry Clay Frick offered union a 22% decrease Describe the Homestead Strike (1892). Frick

16. Steel workers at Carnegie’s mill went on strike after wages were lowered Frick countered with a lockout hired 300 Pinkerton guards to protect scab workers Shots rang out as guards arrived at plant Killed several workers Strike failed Tarnished Carnegie’s image Reinforced image that unions were violent

17. Describe the Homestead Strike.

18. Eugene V. Debs and the Pullman Strike Presentation

19. Describe the Pullman strike. George Pullman –A welfare capitalist controlled all facets of his workers lives –Wages, homes, stores, school, church, and the press –We are born in a Pullman house, fed from the Pullman shop, taught in the Pullman school, catechized in the Pullman church, and when we die we shall be buried in the Pullman cemetery and go to the Pullman Hell.[3][3] –Cut wages (by 33%) during Panic of 1893 Where is Cleveland on the political spectrum?

20. Eugene V. Debs Leader of American Railway Union Ordered workers not to connect Pullman cars AFL refused to join them Grover Cleveland issued an injunction (order to stop strike) Sent US army to violently put down strike

21. Big Bill Haywood & IWW Presentation

22. Who was Big Bill Haywood?Big Bill Labor leader of the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) or the Wobblies A radical socialist Called for “One Big Union” "Eight hours of work, eight hours of play, eight hours of sleep-- eight hours a day!" Fled US in 1921 during espionage trial to Russia

23. Which side of the economic spectrum is Haywood? Fellow Workers, this is the Continental Congress of the working-class. We are here to confederate the workers of this country into a working-class movement that shall have for its purpose the emancipation of the working-class from the slave bondage of capitalism. The aims and objects of this organization shall be to put the working-class in possession of the economic power, the means of life, in control of the machinery of production and distribution, without regard to capitalist masters.Continental Congress

24. What factors are keeping unions from gaining power? Government –Laissez faire Public opinion –Viewed as violent radicals Exclusion of minorities Women, African Americans, immigrants, unskilled workers