1. Properties of Water (part 1)

2. ~SEVEN PROPERTIES OF WATER~ POLAR MOLECULE - SURFACE TENSION - CAPILLARY ACTION - UNIVERSAL SOLVENT - NORMALLY PRESENT IN ALL THREE STATES - EXPANDS (takes up more space) WHEN FROZEN - HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT - negative & positive ends tightness across (top) of water “ stickiness ” that causes water molecules to “ climb ” up a tube causes MANY substances to dissolve (break apart) Water is the ONLY substance on Earth that can normally be found in all three states. (solid, liquid, gas) does not gain or lose heat quickly Most liquids contract (take up less space) when frozen.

3. When the + and – ends of water stick to OTHER SUBSTANCES with opposite charges, we say water is ADHESIVE. 1) Water is made up of POLAR MOLECULES Hydrogen end: Slightly positive charge Oxygen end: Slightly negative charge The negative and positive ends attract each other, making water molecules very COHESIVE (sticky). water + water water + other substances O O H H H H

4. 2) Because its molecules are cohesive, water has a high SURFACE TENSION. Surface tension is the tightness across the surface of the water that is caused by the polar molecules pulling on each other. This is what allows some insects to “ walk on water ”. ** Draw a picture of an insect walking on the water in your notes.

5. 3) Water ’ s cohesiveness also gives it a property called CAPILLARY ACTION. Capillary action is what makes your drink look like it is climbing higher inside your straw than in your glass! A capillary is a thin tube, like a straw, a test tube, or one of your veins. The water molecules “ climb ” the sides of a tube because of their cohesiveness. Their positive & negative charges are attracted to the charges on the sides of the tube. *Draw this in the box.

6. Plants & Trees absorb water using CAPILLARY ACTION!

7. 4) Because many things will dissolve in it,water is called the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT. The charged ends of the water molecules attract the molecules of other polar substances, pulling them apart! A SOLVENT is a substance that makes other substances dissolve (break apart). Some things that water can dissolve: sugar salt soap bleach oxygen carbon dioxide …and many more!

8. To be continued…