1. Mobile phone use while driving in a sample of Spanish university workers 學生 : 莊靖玟

2. Purpose The main aims of this study were five-fold ： The first aim was to investigate the prevalence of mobile phone use (calling and SMS) while driving on urban roads and highways, by gender and age. The second aim was to find out how many drivers use a hands-free device. In addition the research also examined the drivers’ perception of risk involved in using a mobile phone while driving, and whether this was related to their behaviour. The research also investigated the crash involvement of those using a mobile phone and driving verses those who did not use a mobile phone while driving. Finally the research investigated how the participants altered their driving behaviour on the road when they were using a mobile phone.

3. Reference 年份學者結果 2002LamDriver distraction is an important cause of crash involvement. 2004Patten et alThis distraction arises not only from dialing numbers and holding the phone, but also from the conversation itself.

4. Methods - participants 371 participants. Age from 22 to 75 years old (mean = 37.52 years old; S.D. = 9.5). Slightly more than half (52.8%) being female. The mean annual mileage was 17,226 km/year (range, 10–200,000).

5. Methods - participants The participants had an average of 17.8 years driving experience (range, 1–50 years). In total 46% of the drivers had not been involved in a crash during the previous 5 years, while 53% reported at least one crash (1% did not answer the question).

6. Methods - variables & procedure variables : gender and age Procedure: Participants were first sent an email which explained the purpose of the study and asked them to participate. The questionnaires were then sent to them via university mail.

7. Results

16. Discussion 學者年份 with Sullman and Baas (2004) and Poysti et al. (2005) 得到結果 Males and females use mobile phones at about the same reported frequency while driving. The only significant difference was that males use a mobile phone more often to make calls on the highway. These results are partially in agreement

17. Conclusions This study found that drivers having a hands- free device reported using their mobile phone significantly more often than those not possessing a hands-free device.