1. Power and Politics I: Power in relationships (coffee hour today)

3. Power and politics Power defined –Ability to influence another –Getting someone to do something they wouldn’t otherwise do –Ability to get things done –Not necessarily status Politics –Asserting power –Get things done through informal channels

4. Individual model of power Bases of social power –Reward –Coercive –Referent –Expert/Information –Legitimate

5. Relational Model of Power Power (A-B) = Dependence (B-A) Power (B-A) = Dependence (A-B) Increase mutual dependence, increase mutual power 2 dimensions of power –Intensity: value of resources –Equality: Power (A-B) = Power (B-A)

6. Problem scenario 1 Serious inequality D (w-m) > D (m-w) P (m-w) > P (w-m) Balancing operations –W decrease dependence on M: withdraw, find alternative resources –Increase M dependence on W: Form coalitions

7. Problem scenario 2 High intensity –Resources very valuable –No alternatives High emotional investment Power struggle Solution: division of power domains

8. Strategic Contingency Model Uncertainty –Changes over time –Manufacturing, Marketing, Finance, HR? Criticality –Centrality in workflow –Centrality in informal relationships Scarcity –High dependency –Low substitutability

9. Examples French cigarette company –Uncertainty: breakdowns of machines –Maintenance engineers –Say in scheduling, quotas, personnel Research university –Scarcity: Grants –Grants predict budget (regardless of other contributions) Insurance company –Coding department: codes for policies and contracts –Criticality high, but not powerful United 173 –High criticality: Frostie –Power not acknowledged

10. Why “Strategic Contingency”? Contingency –Criticality, scarcity, and uncertainty is externally defined Strategic –Visibility: coding manager –Flexibility –Define environment: CBS News

11. Implications of Strategic Contingency Model Power resides in activities, not individuals Power is necessarily shared Power aligns the organizations with the environment

12. Authentic (Full exchange) Manipulative (Objectives not Shared) (planned, Natural (spontaneous) Deliberate thought-out) Self presentation Social influence Motivation Relationships 2D Space Power

13. Key themes Where power comes from: –Individual characteristics –Relational properties –Activities Skills: networking as a tool for gaining power and exercising politics