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5. DNA/RNAMutationsHistory 10 Point 20 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points 10 Point 20 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points 30 Points 40 Points 50 Points More DNA/RNA Protein Synthesis

6. a. mitochondrionb. endoplasmic reticulum c. cell walld. ribosome Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the construction of amino acids?

7. a. mitochondrionb. endoplasmic reticulum c. cell wall d. ribosome

8. a. transfer RNA only b. messenger RNA only c. ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only d. messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA Which type(s) of RNA are involved in protein synthesis?

9. a. transfer RNA only b. messenger RNA only c. ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only d. messenger RNa, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

10. A characteristic of a DNA molecule that is not a characteristic of a protein molecule is that the DNA molecule - a. can replicate itself. b. can be very large. c. is found in the nuclei. d. is composed of subunits

11. a. can replicate itself. b. can be very large. c. is found in the nuclei. d. is composed of subunits

12. What is the relationship between these three structures? A. DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell. B. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell. C. Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell. D. The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.

13. A. DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell. B. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell. C. Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell. D. The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.

14. What does the word synthesis mean?

15. Refers to the combining of two or more entities to form something new means to make or form a synthesis

16. One similarity between DNA and RNA molecules is that they both contain – A. the same sugar. B. genetic codes based on a sequence of bases. C. a nitrogenous base known as uracil. D. double stranded polymer.

17. A. the same sugar. B. genetic codes based on a sequence of bases. C. a nitrogenous base known as uracil. D. double stranded polymer.

18. The part indicated by arrow could be A. Adenine B. Ribose C. Deoxyribose D. Phosphate

19. A. Adenine B. Ribose C. Deoxyribose D. Phosphate

20. Genetic information usually flows in one specific direction. Which of the following best represents this flow? A.DNA to Protein to RNA B. Protein to RNA to DNA C.RNA to Protein to DNA D. DNA to RNA to Protein

21. A.DNA to Protein to RNA B. Protein to RNA to DNA C.RNA to Protein to DNA D. DNA to RNA to Protein

22. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? A. ribose + phosphate group + thymine B. ribose + phosphate group + uracil C. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil D. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

23. A. ribose + phosphate group + thymine B. ribose + phosphate group + uracil C. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil D. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

24. Define Transcription

25. Transcription, or RNA synthesis, is the process of creating an equivalent RNA (mRNA) copy of a sequence of DNARNADNA

26. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, A. each with two new strands. B. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. C. each with one new strand and one original strand. D. each with two original strands.

27. A. each with two new strands. B. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. C. each with one new strand and one original strand. D. each with two original strands.

28. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA? A. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine B. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine C. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine D. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

29. A. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine B. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine C. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine D. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

30. 1 4 8 12 How many codons does the following this strand of mRNA contain: AUGUAGCCGAUU?

31. 1 4 8 12

32. Which of the following correctly shows the structure of DNA?

33. D

34. Define Translation

35. The synthesis of protein from RNA

36. If an adenine nucleotide is deleted from the nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule, the result would be a A. clone.b. mutation c. protein d. hybrid

37. A. clone.b. mutation c. protein d. hybrid

38. If one nucleotide is omitted or accidentally repeated in the process of DNA duplication, which of the following is most likely to occur ? a. Gene deletion b. Gene mutation c. Gene insertion d. Gene segregation techniques

39. a. Gene deletion b. Gene mutation c. Gene insertion d. Gene segregation techniques

40. Mutations in DNA molecules can occur when — a. replication of DNA is exact b. a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA codon c. RNA codons are replaced by DNA nucleotides d. a change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases

41. a. replication of DNA is exact b. a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA codon c. RNA codons are replaced by DNA nucleotides d. a change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases

42. Sickle-cell anemia is a disorder resulting from a mutation that leads to the production of an abnormal protein. Which component of the DNA molecule provides instructions for the production of the protein? a. The phosphate groups b. The sugar molecules c. The sequence of nitrogen bases d. The bonds that hold the sugars to the bases

43. a. The phosphate groups b. The sugar molecules c. The sequence of nitrogen bases d. The bonds that hold the sugars to the bases

44. Define DNA Replication

45. "semiconservative“ process in that each strand of the original double-stranded DNA molecule serves as template for the reproduction of the complementary strandsemiconservative

46. Which two scientist developed the double-helix model of the structure of DNA? A. Frederick Griffith and Rosalind Franklin B. Oswald Avery and Linus Pauling C. Gregor Mendel and Thomas Hunt Morgan D. James Watson and Francis Crick

47. A. Frederick Griffith and Rosalind Franklin B. Oswald Avery and Linus Pauling C. Gregor Mendel and Thomas Hunt Morgan D. James Watson and Francis Crick

48. . Which scientist studied the DNA molecule using a technique called X-ray diffraction? a. Frederick Griffith b. Rosalind Franklin c. Oswald Avery d. Linus Pauling

49. a. Frederick Griffith b. Rosalind Franklin c. Oswald Avery d. Linus Pauling

50. The observation that (A) = (T) and (G) = (C) became known as: A.Darwinism B. Chargaff’s Rule C. Hershey and Chase experiment D. Avery extractions

51. A.Darwinism B. Chargaff’s Rule C. Hershey and Chase experiment D. Avery extractions

52. What country is Watson from?

53. America

54. What actor played James Watson? What other movies has he been in?

55. Jeff Goldblum Jurassic Park, Independence Day. Law and Order.

56. Make your wager

57. Write out the entire process from DNA to Protein. Use big words!

58. Judges Ruling.