1. Define the following terms: Metabolism: Autotrophic: Heterotrophic:

2. Breathing/Respiration is when we inhale air that contains oxygen and we exhale air that contains carbon dioxide. Where does the oxygen go once we inhale and feel up our lungs? Where does the carbon dioxide come from that we exhale? Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down sugar into energy. This process uses sugar and oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and energy.

3. Where does cellular respiration take place? In the MITOCHONDRIA of each and every cell in a living organism: Protist, Fungi, Plant and Animals

4. Cell Respiration Sugar “E” = the ATP being cashed in for cellular energy. Blood  Homeostasis  1.  blood pressure mechanism

5. Cell’s energy molecule is ATP ATP is the shorthand for Adenosine TriPhosphate. ATP is a high energy molecule. ATP is formed from ADP. ADP is the shorthand for Adenosine DriPhosphate. ADP is a low energy molecule. ADP is composed of: 1. a base called adenine 2. a sugar with 5 carbon atoms called ribose 3. 2 phosphate groups. In order for the molecule to become an energy carrier used by cells it must receive another phosphate group. It then becomes ATP.

6. ATP is a molecule that is high in energy and, therefore, used in living organisms to carry on all their life’s functions. ATP is composed of: 1. a base called adenine 2. a sugar with 5 carbon atoms called ribose 3. 3 phosphate groups. These molecules are held together by high energy bonds.

7. Charged battery, stores energy When a cell needs energy it can cash in an ATP molecule. The cell does this by removing a “P”. When the bond between the phosphates are broken the energy is released. When the “P” is removed, energy is released and ATP becomes ADP, a second “P” can be removed for more energy and it can become AMP. It is like rechargeable battery that now needs charged again. In order to recharge the battery or to bond the “P” back on we need to eat carbs/sugars. The energy in the carbs is now stored in the bonds of the “P’s”.

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