1. Variation in health care systems Click to Continue

2. Health care systems vary enormously in the ways in which they are funded and organized. National health care system

3. Health care systems vary enormously in the ways in which they are funded and organized. Funding sources can generally be described in terms of general taxation, social insurance, private insurance and out of pocket expenses. General taxation Out of pocket Private insurance Social insurance National health care system

4. Health care systems vary significantly in the way in which they are funded and organized. Funding sources can generally be described in terms of general taxation, social insurance, private insurance and out of pocket expenses. The proportion of national expenditure on health – and its financial value also vary widely General taxation Out of pocket Private insurance Social insurance National health care system

5. Care may be provided by a complex mixture of state, private and charity agencies including physicians working privately or under contract to other providers. Different structures may exist for different levels of provision. Sub-national organization of health care can also lead to regional variations in levels of service. State hospitals Private hospitals National health care system Charity hospitals Contract physicians

6. General taxation provides 83% funding, allowing free access at point of use through state hospitals and contracted general practitioners. Out of pocket fees cover prescription medicines and dentistry. Private insurance allows 11% to obtain treatment more quickly and with a wider range of providers, including private hospitals. Private insurance 11% Social insurance State hospitals Private hospitals General taxation 83% Contract physicians 8.3% GDP $2546pp Out of pocket UK

7. Private insurance 60% Social insurance State hospitals Private hospitals General taxation 15.3% GDP $6102pp Out of pocket 9% USA Charity services Uninsured 15% Overall, the world’s most costly system. 60% funding is via private health insurance, esp. employment-related schemes, for access to a range of mainly private providers. State funded social insurance schemes cover certain groups such as the elderly. A significant minority (15%) remain without any health insurance cover. Private physicians

8. Social insurance 31% State hospitals General taxation 40% 7.7% GDP $580pp Out of pocket 28% Turkey Charity services Uninsured 15% Turkey has a complex system with multiple social insurance schemes. Some facilities are only available to members of specific schemes. Overall health spending is low. Private insurance is growing rapidly, including access to private facilities. Out of pockets expenses remain high and a minority are without any form of insurance. Private insurance provison

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