2. Barbarian Invasions cause the Fall of the Western Roman Empire Rise of New Kingdoms/ States that are not united New Kingdoms are unable to protect themselves from Barbarian Invasions, causing a need for localized Protection The Rise of Feudalism in Europe The Middle Ages or Medieval Period ( 500 CE -1500 CE.)

3. 1/11/16 1/11/16 Focus: Focus:  Feudalism - a form of government that started in the middle ages.  Feudalism only occurs when there is a weak central government because the king ends up giving away some of his land Vocabulary: Vocabulary:  Manor – an agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants.  Serfs – peasants legally bound to the land. They provided labor services, pay rents and be subject to the lord’s control.

4. Medieval Society Kings and Queens Rulers Nobility Lords and Knights Controlled the land Clergy Church officials Peasants Majority of the population Worked the land and served the nobles

5. Feudalism Political and social system based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services

6. Feudalism Developed as a result of frequent invasions in western Europe Kings and nobles needed a way to protect their lands

7. Feudalism Lords divided their lands into estates called fiefs Fiefs (land) given to vassals – A person granted land in return for loyalty or military service All nobles were vassals to the king

8. Feudalism Knights – Mounted warriors who protected lord’s lands – Given land for their services – Chivalry Code of ethics followed by knights Honesty, fairness in battle, loyal, proper treatment of women

9. Feudal Obligations Provide military service Remain loyal and faithful Give money on special occasions Give Land Protect from attack Resolve disputes between knights

10. Protection from who? 1.The Vikings invaded from Scandinavia- They were quick and savage. They attacked Ireland, England and France. They looted and captured people to sell into slavery. Most Europeans lived in terror of them 2.The Magyars from Asia 3.The Muslims (from South)

11. Vikings, Muslims and Magyars Invasion Map

12. Charlemagne Charlemagne was first crowned the king of the Franks Later, in 800 CE he was crowned by the POPE Leo III as the king of the Holy Roman Empire. This enraged the Eastern Byzantines because their ruler was not selected The Church and Charlemagne depended on each other. The Pope needed the support of his army to protect the church, Charlemagne gained support from his people because he was viewed as having “god on his side”

13. Charlemagne Continued Through wars of conquest he united European tribes into one single empire. He showed them that they have similar values like Christianity, allowing them to see themselves as Europeans not as tribe members.

14. By Rafael: the Coronation of Charlegmagne

15. William The Conqueror He defeated the English king at the Battle of Hastings To reward the knights that helped him win the battle, he gave them land….Hence, the beginning of the feudal system in England

16. William The Conquerer

17. Battle of Hastings

18. The Pope and King: A Power Struggle Since the large majority of the people of Feudal Europe were Christian the Pope had tremendous power over every body. They thought they should select Bishops. Kings believed they should have the power to select the bishops.

19. Pope Gregory VII vs. King Henry IV In 1073 King Henry IV selected a bishop Pope Gregory VII did not like. The Pope excommunicated (cast him out of the church) Henry IV. Remember :Christians believe that if you die while excommunicated you will not go to heaven. Desperate, the king apologized and asked for forgiveness. In fact, the king stood barefoot in the snow for three days before the Pope would even talk to him.

20. 20 Constructing the Pyramid Feudal Power SERFS AND FREEMEN

21. 21 Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABORPROTECTION SERFS AND FREEMEN

22. 22 Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABORPROTECTION POWERFUL NOBLES SERFS AND FREEMEN LAND AND PROTECTION LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE

23. 23 Constructing the Pyramid of Feudal Power LESSER NOBLES (KNIGHTS) LABORPROTECTION POWERFUL NOBLES KING SERFS AND FREEMEN LAND AND PROTECTION LAND LOYALTY AND SERVICE LOYALTY AND MILITARY SERVICE

24. Closure Explain why feudalism developed in western Europe. What was a knight’s obligation to the lord? What was the lord’s obligation to the knight?

25. Manorial System An economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors Included a village and the land surrounding it

26. Manorial System Manors were self sufficient – Most things needed for daily life were produced on the manor

28. Vassals = Contracts The serfs entered into vassals (contracts) - An agreement that stated that they would work on the land. In return, the lord/noble would protect serfs. – Lords called their Knights “vassals”. – It is through the Manor System that we get the terms: “land- lord and lord of the manor.”

29. Manorial System Serfs – Peasants who lived and worked on the lord’s manor – Were not allowed to leave the manor or marry without the lord’s permission – Were allowed to farm on the manor in return for work Lords were required to protect the serfs

30. Manorial System The life of a serf was harsh – Worked long hours – few lived past 35 years old – Lords could try peasants in their own courts – Based on heredity You were a serf if you parents were

31. Manorial System – Serfs were not slaves, even though they worked like slaves.

32. Manorial System The Harshness of Manor Life – Peasants pay taxes to use mill and bakery; pay a tithe to priest Tithe—a church tax—is equal to one-tenth of a peasant’s income – Serfs live in crowded cottages with dirt floors, straw for beds – Worked long hours raising crops, livestock; feeding and clothing family – Poor diet, illness, malnutrition make life expectancy 35 years – Serfs generally accept their lives as part of God’s plan

33. Manorial System Freemen – skilled workers who paid rent to nobles and could leave the manor Ex. Blacksmith and millers

34. 34 Manorial System 1)Everyone owed loyalty to the ________ 2)Nobles were near the top of the social hierarchy. They got _______ from the king. 3)Lesser nobles (knights) gave _________ _________ in return for land 4)_______ were bound to the land. They worked in return for ____________. 5)__________ were skilled workers. They paid rent to the ______ and were free to move if they wanted to. Let ’ s see how much you remember!

35. Check Your Answers 1)Everyone owed loyalty to the king. 2)Nobles were near the top of the social hierarchy. They got land from the king. 3)Lesser nobles (knights) gave military service in return for land. 4)Serfs were bound to the land. They worked in return for protection. 5)Freemen were skilled workers. They paid rent to the nobles and were free to move if they wanted to.

36. Closure What was the Manorial System How were manors self sufficient? Explain why feudalism developed in western Europe.

37. 3 Field System The agricultural system of the time changed from a two field system to a three field system. – The two field system meant that half of the estate would be used during either the spring or fall growing seasons while the other half lay fallow. This would lead to fields being exhausted thus leading to low food production. – The three field system is where two-thirds of the fields are used during the growing season while one-third lays fallow. The fields are then rotated the next year using last years fallow field and only one of the previously used fields. This results in higher food production

38. 3 Field System