1. Literature of the Colonizers and the Colonized

2. Concerning literature produced by colonial powers and works produced by those who were/are colonized. Looks at issues of power, economics, politics, religion, and culture  how these elements work in relation to colonial hegemony (colonizers controlling the colonized)

3. ALTERITY – Lack of identification with some part of one’s personality or one’s community, differentness, or otherness. DIASPORA – Refers to any people or ethnic population forced or induced to leave their ethnic homelands, being dispersed throughout other parts of the world, and the developments in that dispersal. EUROCENTRISM – The practice of placing emphasis on European (or Western) concerns, culture, and values at the expense of other cultures. HYBRIDITY – Refers to the integration of cultural signs and practices from the colonizing and the colonized cultures (ASSIMILATION). Positive, enriching, but oppressive as well. IMPERIALISM – Policy of extending control or authority over foreign entities  acquisition, maintaining empire

4. OTHERNESS Includes doubleness  identity and difference. Every other is created and includes the values of the colonizing culture, but rejects its power to define Manichean allegory  sees world as divided into mutually exclusive opposites One complexity  colonized people are highly diverse; though they may be seen as “other” from colonizers POV, they are different from one another and should not be totalized. You can’t go home again  Past can be reclaimed, but never reconstituted

5. RESISTANCE  AS SUBVERSION, OPPOSITION, OR MIMICRY Resistance always inscribes the resisted into the texture of the resisting Carries with it ideas about human freedom, liberty, identity, individuality  ideas that may or may not have been held by the colonized

6. People of British heritage encountered the originating traditions as Other  every colony had emerging literature: imitation of but differed from central British tradition Colonizers absorbed and adapted by using the myths, symbols, and definitions of other cultures in their writing. Therefore, these writers are the others compared to colonial British writers. Difference between colonialist lit and postcolonial lit Colonialist  attempt to replicate, continue, equal the original tradition Postcolonialist  a literature of otherness and resistance, written out of the local experience

7. How does the literary text, explicitly or allegorically, represent various aspects of colonial oppression? What does the text reveal about the problematics of post- colonial identity, including the relationship between personal and cultural identity and such issues as double consciousness and hybridity? What person(s) or groups does the work identify as "other" or stranger? How are such persons/groups described and treated? What does the text reveal about the politics and/or psychology of anti-colonialist resistance?

8. What does the text reveal about the operations of cultural difference - the ways in which race, religion, class, gender, sexual orientation, cultural beliefs, and customs combine to form individual identity - in shaping our perceptions of ourselves, others, and the world in which we live? How does the text respond to or comment upon the characters, themes, or assumptions of a canonized (colonialist) work? Are there meaningful similarities among the literatures of different post-colonial populations? How does a literary text in the Western canon reinforce or undermine colonialist ideology through its representation of colonialization and/or its inappropriate silence about colonized peoples?