1. Ch. 9 Sec. 3 Changing Attitudes and Values

2. Social Shift By late 1800s - the upper class included very rich business families Middle class splits between businessmen, professionals and scientists and a lower middle class who struggled to keep up Working class - numbers much the same, fewer farmworkers in the west, conditions better with reform movements

3. Cult of domesticity Middle class code of social behavior and values supported a cult of domesticity Self-sacrificing caregiver Nest for her children Peaceful refuge from working world Rarely applied to lower classes

4. Demand for Women’s Rights Fairness in marriage, divorce and property laws Education privileges Women’s suffrage Elizabeth Cady Stanton Sojourner Truth At the same time, supported the temperance movement

5. Education Create better workers Set up public schools and basic education requirements Wide variety of trends for different classes

6. Science John Dalton - Atomic theory Charles Darwin - Theory of Natural Selection Long slow process of evolution Species adapt and compete to survive Social Darwinism - others applied his theories to justifying their own causes War Economic competition Racism

7. Religion Continued to be a force in Western society Social efforts reflecting compassion and charity for the poor Tried to make up for the lack of government reform