2. A Lithologic Discontinuity in Brant County Soils March 11, 2016March 11, 2016March 11, 2016

3. Outline Introduction Study location and sites Observations Where is the lithologic discontinuity? How did it form here?

4. Objectives: Introduction  To determine differences in soil development between cultivated and forested sites

5. Location of Study

6. Lot 7&8, Concession 14 in Burford Township, Brant County.Lot 7&8, Concession 14 in Burford Township, Brant County.

7. Site Description - Cultivated Site Pit located in a corn fieldPit located in a corn field Conventional till (tillage is being practiced)Conventional till (tillage is being practiced)

8. Site Description - Forested Site Pit located in adjacent forested area.Pit located in adjacent forested area. Deciduous trees, shrubs, abundant leaf litterDeciduous trees, shrubs, abundant leaf litter

9. Objectives: Observations  Soil Profiles  Lithologic Discontinuity  Change in Mode of Deposition

10. Soil Profile - Cultivated Site Ap Bm Aeg Btg 0-30 cm 30-38 cm 38-46 cm 46-52 cm 52+ cm Ckg Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol

11. Soil Profile - Forested Site IIICk Ah Aeg IIBtg IIIBg 5-40 cm 40-83 cm 83-97 cm 97-112 cm 0-5 cm 112+ cm LFH Humic Luvic Gleysol

12. Lithologic Discontinuity IIICkg AhAegIIBtgIIIBg Silty clay band on top of a sandy loam deposit. 5-40 cm 40-83 cm 83-97 cm 97-112 cm 0-5 cm 112+ cm LFH

13. Objectives: How does this happen?  Change in mode of deposition  Geological processes  Pedogenic processes

14. Change in Mode of Deposition Forested site - glacio-lacustrine deposition Cultivated site - glacio-fluvial deposition

15. Development of Soil Profile Geological Processes Ckg 8000 yrs. BP Glacial streams deposit materials 7600 yrs. BP Glacial lake is formed depositing silts and clays IICkg Ckg 7400 yrs. BP Another deposition from glacial streams Ck IICkg IIICkg Geological Processes

16. Development of Soil Profile Pedogenic Processes Pedogenic Processes IICkg IIICkg 6000 yrs. BP 6000 yrs. BP Development of Ah within Ck. Ck Ah IICkg IIICkg 3000 yrs. BP Eluviation, Illuviation creates Ae, IIBtg Ah IIBtg IIICkg Ae Present More weathering, translocation, etc. develops IIIBg Ah IIBtg IIICkg Ae IIIBg

17. Thank-You