1. S COTT L EE H OWE slh114@columbia.edu PROGRAM IN ART AND ART EDUCATION TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY NMC conference on VISUAL LITERACY April 2005

2. Parsons, M. (1987). How We Understand Art. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press. Stage 1: Favoritism Stage 2: Beauty and Realism Stage 3: Expressiveness Stage 4: Style and Form Stage 5: Autonomy

3. Housen, A. (1983). The Eye of the Beholder: Measuring Aesthetic Development. Harvard Univeristy. Stage I: Accountive Stage II: Constructive Stage III: Classifying Stage IV: Interpretive Stage V: Re-creative

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11. Bruner (1990). Acts of Meaning. p. 47