1. 1 Study of Biology copyright cmassengale

2. Flashbacks August 26th 1. Which is NOT necessarily a distinct property of living things? a. homeostasisc. complexity b. metabolismd. reproduction 2. Anything that causes an organism to respond is called a … a. Responsec. Stimulus b. Organicd. All of the above 3. Homeostasis means a. change over long periods of time. b. keeping things the same. c. the same thing as evolution. d. rapid change. copyright cmassengale 2

3. 3 What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals copyright cmassengale

4. 4 All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Basic Unit is the Cell 2. They Reproduce 3. All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) 4. Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale

5. 5 Common Characteristics 5. Obtain & Use Materials & Energy 6. Respond To Their Environment 7. Maintain A Stable Internal Environment 8. AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time copyright cmassengale

6. 6 Characteristics of Organisms copyright cmassengale

7. 7 All Organisms are made of Cells copyright cmassengale

8. 8 Facts About Cells Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism All cells contain living material called cytoplasm All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell copyright cmassengale

9. Flashbacks August 27th 1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? a. growth and developmentc. ability to reproduce b. ability to moved. response to environment 2. The study of cells and cell processes is referred to as __________. a. Ecology c. Microbiology b. Zoology d. Cytology 3. Cells that do not have a nucleus are called: a. Pronucleotic Cellsc. Prokaryotic Cells b. Eunucleotic Cellsd. Eukaryotic C ells copyright cmassengale 9

10. 10 More Cell Facts Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars copyright cmassengale

11. 11 More Cell Facts The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Bacteria are examples copyright cmassengale

12. 12 More Cell Facts More complex cells are called Eukaryotes These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles Plants, animals, protists, & fungi are examples copyright cmassengale

13. 13 Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Organisms Unicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell Multicellular Organisms Multicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells copyright cmassengale

14. 14 Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits copyright cmassengale

15. 15 Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents copyright cmassengale

16. 16 Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent copyright cmassengale

17. 17 Cells Have a Genetic Code copyright cmassengale

18. 18 Genetic Code DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms All organisms contain DNA DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work copyright cmassengale

19. 19 Organisms Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale

20. 20 Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism copyright cmassengale

21. 21 Cells Require Food & Energy copyright cmassengale

22. 22 Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) Chemoautotrophs use chemicals such as iron & sulfur as their energy copyright cmassengale

23. 23 Food Requirements Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food They must consume other organisms Herbivores eat plants Carnivores eat meat Omnivores eat plants & animals copyright cmassengale

24. 24 Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth copyright cmassengale

25. 25 Metabolism Cellular Respiration –Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O copyright cmassengale

26. 26 Organisms Respond to Stimuli Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce copyright cmassengale

27. 27 Homeostasis Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc. copyright cmassengale

28. 28 Living Things Evolve Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms copyright cmassengale

29. 29 Life is Organized on Several Levels copyright cmassengale

30. 30 Levels AtomsMoleculesOrganelles Cells – life starts here TissuesOrgansSystemOrganism copyright cmassengale

31. 31 Levels PopulationCommunityEcosystemBiosphere copyright cmassengale

32. 32 copyright cmassengale

33. 33 copyright cmassengale