1. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 11 Specific Types of Quantitative Research

2. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Phase I clinical trials involve seeking opportunities for refinements and preliminary evidence of efficacy.

3. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Phase II clinical trials involve seeking opportunities for refinements and preliminary evidence of efficacy. Phase I features of the intervention are finalized.

4. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Clinical Trials Effectiveness of clinical interventions Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV

5. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Sequential Clinical Trial Data from paired “mini-experiments” Continuously analyzed Preference measures Stopping rules

6. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Practical clinical trials aim to reduce the gap between efficacy and effectiveness studies.

7. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Practical clinical trials are designed to provide information to clinical decision makers. Hybrid designs aim to reduce the gap between efficacy and effectiveness studies.

8. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Practical Clinical Trials Also called pragmatic clinical trials Provide information to clinical decision makers

9. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Hybrid Designs Reduce gap between efficacy and effectiveness studies Between internal and external validity

10. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Evaluation Research Effectiveness of a program, policy, procedure Assist decision makers

11. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question What is an outcome analysis? A.Describe the status of some condition after the introduction of a program. B.Test whether a program causes net impacts. C.Describe the process by which a program gets implemented and functions in practice. D.Assess whether the monetary costs of a program are outweighed by benefits.

12. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer A Outcome analysis describes the status of some condition after the introduction of a program. Impact analysis test whether a program causes net impacts. Process analysis describe the process by which a program gets implemented and functions in practice. Cost analysis assess whether the monetary costs of a program are outweighed by benefits.

13. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Various Analyses Process or implementation Outcome Impact Cost or economic –Cost-benefit analysis –Cost-effectiveness analysis –Cost-utility analysis

14. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Outcome research examines the quality and effectiveness of health care and nursing services.

15. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Outcome research examines the quality and effectiveness of health care and nursing services.

16. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Outcome Research Quality and effectiveness of health care and nursing services. Health care quality –Structure –Process –Client risk factors –Outcomes

17. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Survey Research People’s characteristics, behaviors, intentions by asking them to answer questions Personal interviews Telephone interviews Questionnaires

18. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Secondary Analysis Researchers analyze previously collected data Economical Difficult to identify appropriate existing data base

19. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Needs Assessment Needs of group or community Three main needs: –Key informant –Survey –Indicators approach

20. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: The Delphi technique is a method of problem solving in which one round of questionnaires are sent to a panel of experts.

21. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False The Delphi technique is a method of problem solving in which several rounds of questionnaires are sent to a panel of experts, not one round.

22. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Delphi Technique Problem solving Several rounds of questionnaires

23. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Replication Studies Identical Virtual Systematic extension replication

24. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Methodologic Studies Development Validation Assessment