1. Trapped by the Extremes: Europe in the 1930s History 104 / April 12, 2013

2. Sir Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists

3. “Fellow travellers”: Cambridge & Oxford students (these three later became spies for the Soviet Union)

4. Anti-government riots in Paris, February 1934 (far-right movements attack the parliament & democracy in general)

5. Leon Blum (socialist, on left) and Maurice Thorez (communist, center)

6. Renault workers on strike, 1936

7. The “cult of personality” surrounding Stalin “Under the leadership of the Great Stalin – forward to communism!”

8. Stalin’s henchman purges “Old Bolsheviks” and the leadership of the Red Army

9. The Gulag: a network of forced labor camps in the USSR

10. General Francisco Franco (1892-1975)

11. Mussolini promises Italian support for Franco; Hitler sends the “Legion Condor”

12. Guernica, a Spanish town leveled by German bombers

14. Picasso and his Guernica painting

15. Soviet assistance to the Spanish Republic

16. Exiled German communists fight alongside the Spanish Republicans (other volunteers: the “Lincoln Brigade” from the U.S.)

17. Franco defeats the Republic, 1936-39

18. The Anschluss: Germany’s army marches into Austria, March 1938

19. Jubilant crowds greet Hitler in Vienna, Austria

20. Anti-Semitic outbursts in Vienna: Jews forced to clean streets by hand

21. Hitler’s next target: the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia

22. When Hitler threatens war, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940) comes to visit

23. The Munich Conference: Britain, France, Italy, and Germany

24. Chamberlain: “Peace in our time”

25. The Sudetenland, Oct. 1938: Troops greeted fanatically – Jews and socialists rounded up

26. The “Night of the Broken Glass,” Nov. 9, 1938

27. Across Germany, synagogues burnt to the ground

28. March 1939: German soldiers seize Prague and the remainder of Bohemia