1. The structure and Function of Phrases and Sentences 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5

2. SYNTAX :  a study of sentence patterns of a language  a study of the analysis of sentence structure  A part of grammar that concerns the structure of phrase and sentences  A study of the rule and way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5

3. SYNTAX  In analyzing sentences, a useful tool is the notion that sentences consist not of words, but of constituents Harry saw a ghost.  It is made up of units of words, and each unit contains at least one morpheme.  We could describe or identify the composition of the units (the structural units ) and their relationship to one another.  Those structural units are called CONSTITUENTS. 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5

4. Morphology  A study of the grammatical structure of word  A study of word formation 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5

5. Morphemes Morphemes can be :  Free Morphemes  Bound Morphemes. Some morphemes can stand alone as words: true, mother, orange Morphemes that can stand alone are free morphemes.  Other morphemes function only as a part of word un-, tele-, -ness, -er  Morphemes that cannot stand alone are bound morphemes. 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5

6. Types of Bound Morphemes A. Derivational Morpheme 1. Suffix In English, bound morphemes may be added to the end of words ( suffixes )  Noun + FUL → Adjective (doubtful, beautiful)  Adjective + LY → Adverb ( beautifully)  Verb + MENT → Noun (establishment)  Verb + ER → Noun (teacher)  Adjective + EN → Verb (brighten, harden)  Noun + EN → Verb (frighten)