1. INNOVATIONS AND IMPACT SWBAT: Describe how industrialization impacted wealth and class structure

2. Do Now:  Identify as many of these late 19 th C. inventions as you can!  Multiple Choice Practice! Eastman’s Kodak Camera 1888 Edison’s Lamp 1879 Adding Machine from 1887A.G.B.’s Telephone 1876 Typewriter 1897 Cash Register 1879

3. Inventions  1866: Transatlantic cable allowed for messages to be sent overseas in minutes  1900: cables linked all continents  global communication  internationalized markets & prices  New inventions became essential tools for business: EdisonWestinghouse Voting machine 1 st modern research lab Phonograph Lamp (lightbulb) Mimeograph machine Motion picture camera Air brake for railroads High-voltage transformer  lighting of cities, streetcars, subways

4. Marketing  Increase in output of goods  marketing  R.H. Macy, Marshall Field, Woolworth’s “5 and 10”  Mail Order Companies:  Sears, Montgomery Ward Catalogs known as “wish books” Similar Modern Day Company: _____________  Packaged Foods, Refrigerated Railcars, Canning  change in eating habits

5. Impact of Industrialization  Concentration of Wealth  1890s: wealthiest 10% of pop. Controlled 90% of nation’s wealth  Class of millionaires forms  Horatio Alger Myth: the "classic" American success story and character arc from "rags to riches“ Horatio Alger, Jr., wrote wildly popular novels after the Civil War

6. The Breakers & Marble House  Vanderbilt’s (steamships & railroad) summer “cottage” in Newport, RI

8. The Elms  Berwind’s (coal) summer cottage in Newport, RI

9. Rosecliff  Oelrichs’ (silver) retreat in Newport, RI

10. Impact of Industrialization  Expanding Middle Class  “White-collar” workers filled administrative roles  Middle class positions opened: accountants, clerical workers, salespeople  increased demand for other middle-class professionals (lawyers, doctors, public employees, storekeepers)  Wage Earners  By 1900: ⅔ of all working Americans worked for wages (10 hrs, 6 days a week)  Average wages = less than $380/year

11. Impact of Industrialization  Working Women  Only 5% of married women worked outside home  Most workers young and single  Factory work was usually extension of home: textile, garment, food processing  Demand for clerical workers = women replacing male occupations as secretaries, bookkeepers, typists, telephone operators  This led to lost status and lower wages/salaries for these now feminized positions

12. Impact of Industrialization  Labor Discontent  Factory work: Monotonous Immigrants & migrants from rural U.S. Railroad & mining = dangerous Exposure to chemicals, pollutants  Rebellion against intolerable working conditions by missing work or quitting  20% dropped out of industries & smaller % joined unions

13. Thinking Like A Historian  “America Picks Up the Telephone” (p578-579)  Read & analyze the 6 documents with your partner (HIPP!)  Then, complete the “Analyzing the Evidence” questions together