1. COMN 2111 THE MIND IN COMMUNICATION: COGNITION Lecture 8c

2. THE REFLEXIVE LOOP OBSERVABLE “DATA” AND EXPERIENCES (AS A VIDEOTAPE RECORDER MIGHT CAPTURE IT) I TAKE ACTIONS BASED ON MY BELIEFS I ADAPT BELIEFS ABOUT THE WORLD I DRAW CONCLUSIONS - MAKE JUDGEMENTS MAKE JUDGEMENTS I MAKE ASSUMPTIONS BASED ON THE MEANINGS I ADDED I ADD MEANINGS (CULTURAL AND PERSONAL) I SELECT “DATA” FROM WHAT I OBSERVE OUR BELIEFS AFFECT WHAT DATA WE SELECT NEXT TIME) (OUR BELIEFS AFFECT WHAT DATA WE SELECT NEXT TIME)

3. WE ADD MEANINGS WHAT TO DO Specify a number between 0 and 100% that best indicates the amount or percentage of time (or frequency of occurrence) represented by each of the following words from your point of view: Specify a number between 0 and 100% that best indicates the amount or percentage of time (or frequency of occurrence) represented by each of the following words from your point of view: 1.Often _____ 1.Often _____ 2.Always_____ 2.Always_____ 3.Sometimes _____ 3.Sometimes _____ 4.Never_______ 4.Never_______ 5.Usually _______ 5.Usually _______

4. THE REFLEXIVE LOOP OBSERVABLE “DATA” AND EXPERIENCES (AS A VIDEOTAPE RECORDER MIGHT CAPTURE IT) I TAKE ACTIONS BASED ON MY BELIEFS I ADAPT BELIEFS ABOUT THE WORLD I DRAW CONCLUSIONS - MAKE JUDGEMENTS MAKE JUDGEMENTS I MAKE ASSUMPTIONS BASED ON THE MEANINGS I ADDED I ADD MEANINGS (CULTURAL AND PERSONAL) I SELECT “DATA” FROM WHAT I OBSERVE OUR BELIEFS AFFECT WHAT DATA WE SELECT NEXT TIME) (OUR BELIEFS AFFECT WHAT DATA WE SELECT NEXT TIME)

5. THE REFLEXIVE LOOP OBSERVABLE “DATA” AND EXPERIENCES (AS A VIDEOTAPE RECORDER MIGHT CAPTURE IT) I TAKE ACTIONS BASED ON MY BELIEFS I ADAPT BELIEFS ABOUT THE WORLD I DRAW CONCLUSIONS - MAKE JUDGEMENTS MAKE JUDGEMENTS I MAKE ASSUMPTIONS BASED ON THE MEANINGS I ADDED I ADD MEANINGS (CULTURAL AND PERSONAL) I SELECT “DATA” FROM WHAT I OBSERVE OUR BELIEFS AFFECT WHAT DATA WE SELECT NEXT TIME) (OUR BELIEFS AFFECT WHAT DATA WE SELECT NEXT TIME)

6. THINKING AND THE MISUSE OF LANGUAGE THE UNCALCULATED RISK THE UNCALCULATED RISK FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE WHERE YOU ARE ON INFERENCE LADDER FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE WHERE YOU ARE ON INFERENCE LADDER FAILURE TO CALCULATE RISKS OF SPEAKING WITHOUT KNOWING WHERE YOU ARE FAILURE TO CALCULATE RISKS OF SPEAKING WITHOUT KNOWING WHERE YOU ARE ALLNESS ALLNESS USING “ALWAYS”, “NEVER” USING “ALWAYS”, “NEVER” SPEAKING AS IF YOUR STATEMENT IS ALL THERE IS TO SAY ABOUT SOMETHING SPEAKING AS IF YOUR STATEMENT IS ALL THERE IS TO SAY ABOUT SOMETHING

7. THINKING AND THE MISUSE OF LANGUAGE INDISCRIMINATION (STEREOTYPING): ASSUMING ALL PEOPLE IN A CATEGORY HAVE IDENTICAL CHARACTERISTICS INDISCRIMINATION (STEREOTYPING): ASSUMING ALL PEOPLE IN A CATEGORY HAVE IDENTICAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON NOUNS FOCUS ON SIMILARITIES - TEACHER, STUDENT, FRIEND, ENEMY, LIBERAL, CONSERVATIVE (social roles) COMMON NOUNS FOCUS ON SIMILARITIES - TEACHER, STUDENT, FRIEND, ENEMY, LIBERAL, CONSERVATIVE (social roles)

8. TWO KEY CONCEPTS WORK TOGETHER: INDISCRIMINATION AND ABSTRACTION INDISCRIMINATION (STEREOTYPING): ASSUMING ALL PEOPLE IN A CATEGORY HAVE IDENTICAL CHARACTERISTICS INDISCRIMINATION (STEREOTYPING): ASSUMING ALL PEOPLE IN A CATEGORY HAVE IDENTICAL CHARACTERISTICS ABSTRACTING: WE LEAVE OUT INFORMATION AS WE MOVE FROM SPECIFIC TO GENERAL ABSTRACTING: WE LEAVE OUT INFORMATION AS WE MOVE FROM SPECIFIC TO GENERAL

9. THINKING AND THE MISUSE OF LANGUAGE INTENSIONAL ORIENTATION TENDENCY TO VIEW PEOPLE AND THINGS IN TERMS OF THE LABELS THEY ARE GIVEN INTENSIONAL ORIENTATION TENDENCY TO VIEW PEOPLE AND THINGS IN TERMS OF THE LABELS THEY ARE GIVEN EXTENSIONAL ORIENTATION: EXTENSIONAL ORIENTATION: LOOK FIRST AT PERSON OR OBJECT AND THEN AT LABEL. LOOK FIRST AT PERSON OR OBJECT AND THEN AT LABEL. STATIC EVALUATION: STATIC EVALUATION: RETAIN EVALUATIONS WITHOUT CHANGE WHILE THE REALITY THEY REFER TO IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING. RETAIN EVALUATIONS WITHOUT CHANGE WHILE THE REALITY THEY REFER TO IS CONSTANTLY CHANGING. POLARIZATION: POLARIZATION: EASY TO THINK IN OPPOSITES - HARD TO THINK OF MIDDLE GROUND TERMS. EASY TO THINK IN OPPOSITES - HARD TO THINK OF MIDDLE GROUND TERMS.

10. DEALING WITH THESE ‘MISUSES’ Be Aware Of Info Quality Be Aware Of Info Quality Be Person-focused, Look For Meaning In People Not Words Be Person-focused, Look For Meaning In People Not Words Remember The Perception Process! Remember The Perception Process! When facing disagreement, differences, disorder…get down the inference ladder When facing disagreement, differences, disorder…get down the inference ladder Get The Facts, Do Research, Observe In Real Time Get The Facts, Do Research, Observe In Real Time