2. United States Constitution Exam Preparation Amendments to the United States Constitution

3. Targets of this Slideshow… At the end of this slide presentation, I can… Describe the basic rights, liberties and restrictions in the Bill of Rights Describe major amendments after the bill of rights dealing with suffrage Describe major amendments which deal with due process Describe the amendment that erased a previous amendment

4. Special Note The following amendments that have a (*) after them are of major importance

5. Bill of Rights 1 st Amendment * –S–Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly and Petition 2 nd Amendment * –R–Right to bear arms 3 rd Amendment –R–Restricts the quartering of soldiers in citizens’ homes 4 th Amendment * –N–No Searches & Seizures without warrant –N–No warrant without probable cause

6. Bill of Rights 5 th Amendment * –Capital indictments by Grand Jury –No Double Jeopardy –Do not have to witness against yourself –Cannot have life, liberty, or property taken without due process –Property cannot be taken without just compensation

7. Bill of Rights 6 th Amendment * –Speedy & Public Trial –Impartial Jury where crime took place –Can confront the accuser –Can call witnesses in your favor –Can have an attorney 7 th Amendment –Right to a jury trial in civil cases 8 th Amendment * –No cruel & unusual punishment –No excessive bail

8. Bill of Rights 9 th Amendment * –Rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution are retained by the people 10 th Amendment * –Powers not delegated to the Federal Government are reserved to the states

9. Other Amendments 11 th Amendentment –Limits the ability of citizens to sue the government in federal court. 12 th Amendentment * –President & Vice President must run on the same ticket; come from different states 13 th Amendentment * –Ending Slavery 14 th Amendentment * –All persons naturally born in the US are citizens and shall have equal protection & due process 15 th Amendentment * –The right to vote shall not be denied due to race

10. Other Amendments 16 th Amendentment –Congress can make an income tax 17 th Amendentment * –Senators are to be popularly elected by the people instead of by state legislatures 18 th Amendentment * –Alcohol is illegal 19 th Amendentment * –The right to vote shall not be denied due to gender 20 th Amendentment –Details on congressional & presidential terms 21 st Amendentment * –Repeal the 18 th Amendment

11. Other Amendments 22 nd Amendentment * –Two-term limit for the President 23 rd Amendentment * –District of Columbia is given 3 electoral votes 24 th Amendentment –Bars a Poll Tax of elections 25 th Amendentment * –Presidential Succession established 26 th Amendentment * –Universal suffrage for those over 18 years old (the right to vote) 27 th Amendentment –Limits to congressional pay raises

12. Unsuccessful Amendments Article the First –One of the original Bill of Rights –“Article the first... After the first enumeration required by the first article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall be not less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred; after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons.” –Passed Congress on September 25, 1789 –Only ratified by 11 states, the last one was in 1792. –Still pending and could become an amendment to the Constitution.

13. Unsuccessful Amendments Titles of Nobility Amendment –“If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive or retain, any title of nobility or honour, or shall, without the consent of Congress, accept and retain any present, pension, office or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or either of them.” –Passed Congress on May 1, 1810 –Only ratified by 12 states, the last one was in 1812. –Still pending and could become an amendment to the Constitution.

14. Unsuccessful Amendments Corwin Amendment –“No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State.” –Passed Congress on March 2, 1861 –Never passed in a state legislature. –Still pending and could become an amendment to the Constitution (although extremely unlikely).

15. Unsuccessful Amendments Child Labor Amendment –“Section 1. The Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age.” –“Section 2. The power of the several States is unimpaired by this article except that the operation of State laws shall be suspended to the extent necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by the Congress.” –Passed Congress on June 2, 1924 –Only ratified by 28 states, the last one was in 1937. –Still pending and could become an amendment to the Constitution.

16. Unsuccessful Amendments Equal Rights Amendment –“Section 1. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” –“Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.” –“Section 3. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.” –Passed Congress on March 22, 1972 –Only ratified by 30 states. –Congress placed a deadline of seven years on the Amendment. The deadline expired on March 22, 1979. –The amendment is no longer pending and cannot become an amendment to the Constitution.

17. Unsuccessful Amendments DC Voting Rights Amendment –“Section 1. For purposes of representation in the Congress, election of the President and Vice President, and article V of this Constitution, the District constituting the seat of government of the United States shall be treated as though it were a State.” –“Section 2. The exercise of the rights and powers conferred under this article shall be by the people of the District constituting the seat of government, and as shall be provided by the Congress.” –“Section 3. The twenty-third article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.” –Passed Congress on August 22, 1978 –Only ratified by 16 states. –Congress placed a deadline of seven years on the Amendment. The deadline expired on August 22, 1985. –The amendment is no longer pending and cannot become an amendment to the Constitution.

18. End of Slide Presentation