1. Chapter 7: Comparison and Contrast
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2. Read Model Writing 1, page 134, and answer the following questions:
What Is the thesis statement of this article? Underline it.
What differences between the countries are discussed in paragraph 2?
What are two other differences between the countries? In which paragraphs are these differences discussed?
In which paragraph(s) are similarities discussed?
What is the function of the first sentence in paragraph 5?
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3. Read Model Writing 1, page 134, and answer the following questions:
What Is the thesis statement of this article? Underline it.
What differences between the countries are discussed in paragraph 2? Forms of the government
What are two other differences between the countries? In which paragraphs are these differences discussed? Energy production and consumption, and population growth.
In which paragraph(s) are similarities discussed? 5 and 6
What is the function of the first sentence in paragraph 5? It is a bridge, or a transition sentence.
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4. Use a thesaurus to find antonyms and synonyms.
Vocabulary: Antonyms
Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings.
You can enrich your language by learning them.
Use antonyms in your writing to describe contrasting ideas.
Use a thesaurus to find antonyms and synonyms.
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5. Practice 1: page 136: Write the antonyms
Differences (paragraph 1)
Low (paragraph 3)
Less (paragraph 4)
Minority (paragraph 5)
Reduced (paragraph 6)
____________________________ B
Distant (paragraph 1)
Rise (paragraph 1)
Adds (paragraph 3)
Preceded (paragraph 6)
Together (paragraph 7)
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6. Practice 1: page 136: Write the antonyms
Differences (paragraph 1) similarities / commonalities
Low (paragraph 3) high
Less (paragraph 4) more
Minority (paragraph 5) majority
Reduced (paragraph 6) increased
____________________________ B
Distant (paragraph 1) close
Rise (paragraph 1) fall, decrease
Adds (paragraph 3) subtracts – takes away from
Preceded (paragraph 6) followed
Together (paragraph 7) alone - isolated
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7. Prewriting: brainstorm using a chart or Venn diagram
List the points of comparison in a chart (page 137)
Topic: Family Life in Culture X and Y
Point of Comparison
Culture X
Culture Y
Same or Different
Number of children
1 – 2
5 – 6
Different
Living arrangements
Each set of parents and small children lives separately
Grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, children live in separate buildings on the same property.
Financial support
Both parents work outside the home
Same
Role of Grandparents
Occasional visits
Primary childcare provider
Age of adulthood
When they get married
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8. Let’s Try to create a chart for the following Topic:
Compare and contrast college/ university and school
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9. Nada Falemban - Essay Writing 1437

10. Venn Diagram
Venn diagram is a brainstorming tool that uses overlapping circles to show similarities and differences between two or more ideas (page 148).
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11. Venn Diagram: Comparing Us university classes to classes in another country
United States:
Daily homework very important
Teacher called by first name sometimes
Students expected to ask questions in class & contribute without being called on
Eating and drinking allowed
Country X:
Only exam is important – it doesn’t matter if you come to class with homework done.
Students stand when professors enters rooms
Students wear more formal clothes
Usually larger classes
Both
Attendance required
Students expected to answer teacher questions
Professor available outside of class
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12. Organization
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13. Points of comparison: You must decide on the points you want to compare.
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14. Point-by-point organization Block organization
Types of Organization
Point-by-point organization
Block organization
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15. 1. Point-by-point organization (page 138)
Each point of comparison becomes the topic of a paragraph. Each paragraph may contain differences or similarities under one idea.
When do you use it? With topics that have similarities and differences in all of the areas you are discussing.
Arrange the paragraphs in order of importance.
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16. See the outline on page 138
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17. 2. Block Organization
In this type, arrange all similarities together in one block (a block can comprise a number of paragraphs) and all differences in another.
When to use this type of organization? If there are only similarities in one area or only differences in another area.
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18. 2. Block Organization
Insert a transition sentence or a short transition paragraph (if your topic is long) between two blocks. Its purpose is to conclude one section and introduce another.
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19. Comparison Signal Words
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20. Comparison Signal Words
Transition words and phrases
Others
Similarly
Likewise
Also
Too
Like + noun
Just like
Similar to
Like
The same as
The same
Alike
Similar
Compared to/with
Subordinators
Coordinators As
just as
And
Both And
Not only but also
Neither nor
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21. Contrast Signal Words (Concession)
Subordinators
Coordinators
Although
Even though
Though
But
Yet
Transition words
Others
However
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
Still
Despite + noun
In spite of + noun
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22. Contrast Signal Words (Direct opposition)
Subordinators
Coordinators
While
whereas
But
Transition words
Others
However
In contrast
In (by) comparison
On the other hand
On the contrary
Differ (from)
Compared (to/with)
Different from
Dissimilar to
Unlike
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