1. Cranial Nerves Components and Ganglia

2. The Twelve Pairs of Cranial Nerves on the Base of the Brain Carpenter’s Human Neuroanatomy, 9 th ed., By A. Parent, Williams & Wilkins,Media, 1996, pp.31

3. Correlative Neuroanatomy, 22ed., S.G. Waxman. et.al., Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, 1991,pp. 86 Cranial Nerves on the Brainstem

5. Fundamentals of Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Application, 3 rd ed., Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, 2006, pp.169

6. Practical Anatomy, J. W. Rohen,Futura Publishing, Mount Kisco, 1973, pp. 28 Cranial Nerves in the Cranial Vault

7. Nerve Components A named nerve (trunk or branch) is made up of numerous functional entities; which may be motor, sensory or both. These are called functional components. (Functional) Nerve Components: The “sum” of all the neurons having like anatomical and physiological characteristics so that they can act in a common mode. (Described by A. Brodal & C. Judson Herrick in the 1930’s) Determined on the basis of comparative anatomy and embryological studies where nerve fibers were traced from their point of origin in the periphery to their termination within the central nervous system or vice verse (i.e. Nuclei).

8. Embryonic Disk (18 Days) Surface (Neuro) Ectoderm Primitive Streak Primitive (Henson’s) Node The Human Brain & Spinal Cord: Functional Neuroanatomy & Dissection, By L. Heimer Springer Verlag, New York, 1983

9. Central and Peripheral Nervous System Development Neural Crest Neural Tubular Epithelium

10. Cranial Nerve (Nuclei) Components Alar Plate – Special Somatic Afferent (SSA) – General Somatic Afferent (GSA)* – Special Visceral Afferent (SVA) – General Visceral Afferent (GVA)* Basilar Plate – General Visceral Efferent (GVE)* – Special Visceral Efferent (SVE) – General Somatic Efferent (GSE)* * found both in brainstem and spinal cord

11. Brainstem & Spinal Cord Nuclei Basic Human Embryology by P.L. Williams, et.al., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1966, pp. 103

12. Brainstem Nuclei Fundamentals of Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Application, 3 rd D. Haines Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, 2010, pp.5

13. Cranial Nerve Nuclei GSA - GVA – SVA -- GVE – SVE – GSE - Fundamentals of Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Application, 3 rd ed., Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, 2010, pp.211

14. Cranial Nerves Associated with Their Components* SSA: I (?), II, VIII GSA: V,(III, IV, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII) SVA: I, VII, IX, X GVA: IX, X GVE: III, VII, IX, X SVE: V,VII, IX, X, XI GSE: III, IV, VI, XII * Crainial Nerves are always designated by Roman Numeral

15. Cranial Nerve Ganglia* SENSORY: I Olfactory Bulb (SVA, SSA) II Ganglionic Layer of Retina (SSA) V Trigeminal Ganglion (GSA) VII Geniculate Ganglia (SVA taste, GSA proprioception) VIII Vestibular (Equilibrium), Spiral (Hearing) [SSA] IX Superior Ganglion [GSA], Inferior Ganglion (Petrosal) [SVA taste, GVA, ] X Superior Ganglion (Jugular) [GSA], Inferior Ganglion (Nodosal) [SVA taste, GVA] *A ganglion is an aggregation of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.

16. Cranial Nerve Ganglia MOTOR* : III Ciliary VII Pterygopalatine, Submandibular IX Otic X Terminal * All of these ganglia are GVE