1. FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2012

2. Digital Design Today Complex systems are built using: -ASIC’s -Microcontrollers -FPGA’s -Combination of above Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2012

3. System on Chip - A typical ASIC chip today contains many subsystems, and performs very complex tasks. - FPGA’s are also becoming big enough to contain a whole complex system. Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2012

4. Micro-controller A microcontroller is a general-purpose VLSI chip containing a small microprocessor, a small amount of memory and very limited I/O capability. Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

5. FPGA A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a VLSI chip containing a large uniform array of Configurable Logic Blocks (CLB’s) that can be programmed to perform a user-defined task. Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

6. FPGA Structure

7. FPGA CLB

8. FPGA Look up Table Combinatorial logic is stored in 16x1 SRAM Look-Up Tables (LUT’s) in a CLB. Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

9. FPGA vs. Asic s -FPGA  They are pre-manufactured. So no need to worry (much) about physical IC design.  No fabrication time. So they are faster to develop  The non-recurring engineering cost of an FPGA design is much lower than that of an ASIC. -ASICs  They are custom-designed for your system  Generally lower power consumption and faster clock rate.  Require physical design and fabrication(very expensive)  Components are much cheaper in large production runs  Engineering costs are much higher Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

10. FPGA vs. Asic s vs. μ P

11. FPGA Design Methodology

12. Hardware Description Language Two major HDL’s:  VHDL  standardized by IEEE in 1987,1993, 2002, 2006  object-oriented, very widely used  Verilog  standardized by IEEE in 1995, 2001, 2005  has concise syntax like C Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

13. VHDL Example A Multiplier Program in VHDL Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

14. Verilog Example A Multiplier Program in Verilog Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

15. Simulation Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

16. Test & Debug XSA-40 FPGA Development board from XESS Inc Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

17. Important FPGA Manufacturers  Xilinx (www.xilinx.com)www.xilinx.com  Altera (www.altera.com)www.altera.com  Actel (www.actel.com)www.actel.com  QuickLogic (www.quicklogic.com)www.quicklogic.com  Lattice Semiconductor (www.latticesemi.com)www.latticesemi.com Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

18. FPGA Applications Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011

19. Conclusion  FPGA’s are becoming faster, denser and more capable  Using FPGA’s where it makes sense can reduce design costs and total system costs.  Use FPGA’s when:  parallelism is possible  speed matters  Integration and reliability are important Shiraz University of shiraz spring 2011