2. Origins of the Cold War 1945 to 1955

3. I.) Conflicts Begin A. WWII alliance dissolves due to differences B.WWII leaves two “Super Powers” 1. Soviet Union = Communist 2. United States = Democracy

4. Outcome: struggle between Communism and Democracy called the Cold War

5. II.) The Iron Curtain Emerges A. Soviet Union wanted to protect itself from any future attacks Result: Stalin creates the Iron Curtain (communist nations along western border of the Soviet Union)

7. III.) Truman Doctrine A. Civil War breaks out in Greece 1. Communists vs. Conservatives B. March 2, 1947 President Truman issues the Truman Doctrine (communism a threat and must support free peoples resisting threat) Outcome: Congress provides money & assistance to Greece to stop rebellion

8. IV.) Marshall Plan A. Western leaders fear poverty & destruction of WWII might lead to communism B. Marshall Plan (Economic Assistance plan by U.S. that provided money to nations in Europe to rebuild & foster cooperation) Outcome: Europe recovers

9. C. Policy of Containment: prevent the further spread of communism

10. C.In 1949 Soviets develop COMECON (economic cooperation in East) Outcome: fails due to lack of funding

11. V.) Cold War in Europe A. In 1947 Soviets create Cominform (unify all European communist parties) B. Communism spreads: 1. 1948: Czechoslovakia 2. 1948: Yugoslavia

12. VI.) Division of Germany A.May 1949: Federal Republic of Germany created (West Germany) B.October 1949: German Democratic Republic created (East Germany)

13. C.June 1948: Soviets blockade Berlin D.Berlin Airlift: U.S. and Britain provide food and supplies by air drops to West Berlin Outcome: Soviets lift blockade May 1949

14. VII.) Cold War Alliances A.Need for an alliance: 1. 1949= Soviets detonate atomic bomb 2. 1949= Communism wins in China 3. 1950= North Korea invades South Korea

15. B.April 1949: 12 Western nations sign a political and military alliance called NATO 1. if one nation is attacked then all members will respond

16. B.May 1955: Eastern Bloc nations form a mutual defense alliance called the Warsaw Pact.